Paralava and clinker from the Canadian Arctic: a record of combustion metamorphism dating back to the late Miocene
Outcrops with conspicuous reddish to yellow-colored clinker, blackish paralava, and blends of both with a breccia-like appearance occur across the Canadian Arctic. We examined such rocks on Ellesmere Island, Banks Island, and the Mackenzie Delta area. These rocks are a product from natural combustio...
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2023
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2022-0142 https://cdnsciencepub.com/doi/full-xml/10.1139/cjes-2022-0142 https://cdnsciencepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1139/cjes-2022-0142 |
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crcansciencepubl:10.1139/cjes-2022-0142 2023-12-17T10:25:38+01:00 Paralava and clinker from the Canadian Arctic: a record of combustion metamorphism dating back to the late Miocene Reinhardt, Lutz Estrada, Solveig Dohrmann, Reiner Koglin, Nikola Piepjohn, Karsten Galloway, Jennifer M. 2023 http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2022-0142 https://cdnsciencepub.com/doi/full-xml/10.1139/cjes-2022-0142 https://cdnsciencepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1139/cjes-2022-0142 en eng Canadian Science Publishing https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en_GB Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences volume 60, issue 11, page 1467-1499 ISSN 0008-4077 1480-3313 General Earth and Planetary Sciences journal-article 2023 crcansciencepubl https://doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2022-0142 2023-11-19T13:39:40Z Outcrops with conspicuous reddish to yellow-colored clinker, blackish paralava, and blends of both with a breccia-like appearance occur across the Canadian Arctic. We examined such rocks on Ellesmere Island, Banks Island, and the Mackenzie Delta area. These rocks are a product from natural combustion of bituminous shale and low-rank coal seams in Cretaceous and Paleogene host sedimentary rocks, respectively. The main mineral phases of clinker and silicate paralava samples are comprised of quartz + hematite ± feldspars ± cristobalite (or tridymite) ± cordierite–sekaninaite ± clinopyroxene ± sillimanite ± glass. Slag-like iron oxide paralava (74–95 wt.% total Fe 2 O 3 ) consisting of hematite ± magnetite ± clinopyroxene occur in Paleogene host sedimentary rocks, rich in siderite concretions. The whole-rock geochemical composition of clinker and silicate paralava shows similarities for samples from the same outcrop. Regional and local specific elemental enrichments are mainly inherited from the sedimentary protoliths, which are characterized by volcanogenic input (Paleocene sedimentary rocks) or oxygen-depleted depositional conditions (Upper Cretaceous bituminous sedimentary rocks). Spontaneous combustion could take place when the organic-rich sedimentary rocks become exposed to atmospheric oxygen. This process has occurred at least since the Messinian stage (Miocene) on Ellesmere Island (6.1 ± 0.2 Ma; 40 Ar/ 39 Ar incremental heating dating on whole-rock paralava) and continues until now. An active combustion process on scree from a coal seam and clastic Eureka Sound Group sedimentary rocks was observed on Ellesmere Island. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Banks Island Ellesmere Island Eureka Sound Mackenzie Delta Canadian Science Publishing (via Crossref) Arctic Ellesmere Island Mackenzie Delta ENVELOPE(-136.672,-136.672,68.833,68.833) Eureka ENVELOPE(-85.940,-85.940,79.990,79.990) Eureka Sound ENVELOPE(-84.999,-84.999,79.002,79.002) Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 60 11 1467 1499 |
institution |
Open Polar |
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Canadian Science Publishing (via Crossref) |
op_collection_id |
crcansciencepubl |
language |
English |
topic |
General Earth and Planetary Sciences |
spellingShingle |
General Earth and Planetary Sciences Reinhardt, Lutz Estrada, Solveig Dohrmann, Reiner Koglin, Nikola Piepjohn, Karsten Galloway, Jennifer M. Paralava and clinker from the Canadian Arctic: a record of combustion metamorphism dating back to the late Miocene |
topic_facet |
General Earth and Planetary Sciences |
description |
Outcrops with conspicuous reddish to yellow-colored clinker, blackish paralava, and blends of both with a breccia-like appearance occur across the Canadian Arctic. We examined such rocks on Ellesmere Island, Banks Island, and the Mackenzie Delta area. These rocks are a product from natural combustion of bituminous shale and low-rank coal seams in Cretaceous and Paleogene host sedimentary rocks, respectively. The main mineral phases of clinker and silicate paralava samples are comprised of quartz + hematite ± feldspars ± cristobalite (or tridymite) ± cordierite–sekaninaite ± clinopyroxene ± sillimanite ± glass. Slag-like iron oxide paralava (74–95 wt.% total Fe 2 O 3 ) consisting of hematite ± magnetite ± clinopyroxene occur in Paleogene host sedimentary rocks, rich in siderite concretions. The whole-rock geochemical composition of clinker and silicate paralava shows similarities for samples from the same outcrop. Regional and local specific elemental enrichments are mainly inherited from the sedimentary protoliths, which are characterized by volcanogenic input (Paleocene sedimentary rocks) or oxygen-depleted depositional conditions (Upper Cretaceous bituminous sedimentary rocks). Spontaneous combustion could take place when the organic-rich sedimentary rocks become exposed to atmospheric oxygen. This process has occurred at least since the Messinian stage (Miocene) on Ellesmere Island (6.1 ± 0.2 Ma; 40 Ar/ 39 Ar incremental heating dating on whole-rock paralava) and continues until now. An active combustion process on scree from a coal seam and clastic Eureka Sound Group sedimentary rocks was observed on Ellesmere Island. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Reinhardt, Lutz Estrada, Solveig Dohrmann, Reiner Koglin, Nikola Piepjohn, Karsten Galloway, Jennifer M. |
author_facet |
Reinhardt, Lutz Estrada, Solveig Dohrmann, Reiner Koglin, Nikola Piepjohn, Karsten Galloway, Jennifer M. |
author_sort |
Reinhardt, Lutz |
title |
Paralava and clinker from the Canadian Arctic: a record of combustion metamorphism dating back to the late Miocene |
title_short |
Paralava and clinker from the Canadian Arctic: a record of combustion metamorphism dating back to the late Miocene |
title_full |
Paralava and clinker from the Canadian Arctic: a record of combustion metamorphism dating back to the late Miocene |
title_fullStr |
Paralava and clinker from the Canadian Arctic: a record of combustion metamorphism dating back to the late Miocene |
title_full_unstemmed |
Paralava and clinker from the Canadian Arctic: a record of combustion metamorphism dating back to the late Miocene |
title_sort |
paralava and clinker from the canadian arctic: a record of combustion metamorphism dating back to the late miocene |
publisher |
Canadian Science Publishing |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2022-0142 https://cdnsciencepub.com/doi/full-xml/10.1139/cjes-2022-0142 https://cdnsciencepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1139/cjes-2022-0142 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-136.672,-136.672,68.833,68.833) ENVELOPE(-85.940,-85.940,79.990,79.990) ENVELOPE(-84.999,-84.999,79.002,79.002) |
geographic |
Arctic Ellesmere Island Mackenzie Delta Eureka Eureka Sound |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Ellesmere Island Mackenzie Delta Eureka Eureka Sound |
genre |
Arctic Banks Island Ellesmere Island Eureka Sound Mackenzie Delta |
genre_facet |
Arctic Banks Island Ellesmere Island Eureka Sound Mackenzie Delta |
op_source |
Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences volume 60, issue 11, page 1467-1499 ISSN 0008-4077 1480-3313 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en_GB |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2022-0142 |
container_title |
Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences |
container_volume |
60 |
container_issue |
11 |
container_start_page |
1467 |
op_container_end_page |
1499 |
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1785577274258489344 |