In situ geochemical characterization of pyrite crystals in burial dolomites of St. George Group carbonates

• Published in: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences
• Main Authors: Olanipekun, Babatunde John, Azmy, Karem
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Canadian Science Publishing 2018
• Subjects: General Earth and Planetary Sciences; Port au Choix; Main Brook; Boat Harbour
• Online Access: http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2016-0152; http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/full-xml/10.1139/cjes-2016-0152; http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/pdf/10.1139/cjes-2016-0152

Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) was used to measure the δ 34 S of pyrite disseminated in burial dolomite matrix of Boat Harbour formation at Main Brook and Daniel’s Harbour (about 130 km apart). At Main Brook, δ 34 S values for the pyrite grains show wide variation (–15 to +20‰ (n = 20)), but are mostly negative. Combined with a paucity of two-phase fluid inclusions in the host burial dolomite, the depleted δ 34 S values suggest that the pyrite is a direct product of bacterial sulfate reduction (BSR). Predominantly negative δ 34 S values were also obtained for sampled pyrite at Daniel’s Harbour and Port au Choix; however, relatively high homogenization temperatures (>100 °C) of two-phase fluid inclusions in the host dolomite is incompatible with a BSR process for pyrite formation. More so, Daniel’s Harbour is a site for main stage sulfide mineralization (Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) system), hosted in similarly burial dolomite and that has been previously constrained to be associated with thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR). A relative proximity of the currently studied pyrite samples to this MVT system deposit is thus inconsistent with an in-situ BSR for these pyrites. The analyzed pyrite grains are commonly encased in bitumen, and they postdate their host burial dolomite and predate deep burial saddle dolomite. Taken together, the depleted δ 34 S signature in the pyrite was likely inherited from migrated hydrocarbons in the reservoir. Incursion of an initial pulse of hot sulfate-rich brine into the formation can cause thermal cracking of hydrocarbons, thereby releasing its low δ 34 S. Thus the inherited low δ 34 S signature was likely a product of an earlier BSR that occurred in the kerogen or source organic materials in source rock. Subsequently, the main stage sulfide mineralization (MVT deposit) occurred via in-situ TSR. These findings have an implication for the paragenetic history of sulfide minerals precipitated during MVT mineralization episode.