Climate change, fisheries, and aquaculture: trends and consequences for Canadian marine biodiversity 1 This manuscript is a companion paper to Vander Zwaag et al. (doi:10.1139/a2012-013) and Hutchings et al. (doi:10.1139/er-2012-0049) also appearing in this issue. These three papers comprise an edited version of a February 2012 Royal Society of Canada Expert Panel Report.
Climate change, fishing, and aquaculture have affected and will continue to influence Canadian marine biodiversity, albeit at different spatial scales. The Arctic is notably affected by reduced quality and quantity of sea ice caused by global warming, and by concomitant and forecasted changes in oce...
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crcansciencepubl:10.1139/a2012-011 2024-06-23T07:50:53+00:00 Climate change, fisheries, and aquaculture: trends and consequences for Canadian marine biodiversity 1 This manuscript is a companion paper to Vander Zwaag et al. (doi:10.1139/a2012-013) and Hutchings et al. (doi:10.1139/er-2012-0049) also appearing in this issue. These three papers comprise an edited version of a February 2012 Royal Society of Canada Expert Panel Report. Hutchings, Jeffrey A. Côté, Isabelle M. Dodson, Julian J. Fleming, Ian A. Jennings, S. Mantua, Nathan J. Peterman, Randall M. Riddell, Brian E. Weaver, Andrew J. 2012 http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/a2012-011 http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/full-xml/10.1139/a2012-011 http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/pdf/10.1139/a2012-011 en eng Canadian Science Publishing http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/page/about/CorporateTextAndDataMining Environmental Reviews volume 20, issue 4, page 220-311 ISSN 1181-8700 1208-6053 journal-article 2012 crcansciencepubl https://doi.org/10.1139/a2012-011 2024-06-13T04:10:49Z Climate change, fishing, and aquaculture have affected and will continue to influence Canadian marine biodiversity, albeit at different spatial scales. The Arctic is notably affected by reduced quality and quantity of sea ice caused by global warming, and by concomitant and forecasted changes in ocean productivity, species ecology, and human activity. The Atlantic has been especially impacted by severe overfishing and human-induced alterations to food webs. Climate change, fishing, and aquaculture have all affected, to varying degrees, biodiversity on Canada’s Pacific coast. Past and projected trends in key biodiversity stressors reveal marked change. Oceanographic trends include increasing surface water temperatures, reduced salinity, increased acidity, and, in some areas, reduced oxygen. Reductions in Canada’s fishery catches (those in 2009 were half those of the late 1980s), followed by reductions in fishing pressure, are associated with dramatic changes in the species composition of commercial catches in the Atlantic (formerly groundfish, now predominantly invertebrates and pelagic fish) and the Pacific (formerly salmon, now predominantly groundfish). Aquaculture, dominated by the farming of Atlantic salmon, grew rapidly from the early 1980s until 2002 and has since stabilized. Climate change is forecast to affect marine biodiversity by shifting species distributions, changing species community composition, decoupling the timing of species’ resource requirements and resource availability, and reducing habitat quality. Harvest-related reductions in fish abundance, many by 80% or more, coupled with fishing-induced changes to food webs, are impairing the capacity of species to recover or even persist. Open-sea aquaculture net pens affect biodiversity by (i) habitat alteration resulting from organic wastes, chemical inputs, and use of nonnative species; (ii) exchange of pathogens between farmed and wild species; and (iii) interbreeding between wild fish and farmed escapees. Physical and biological changes in the ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Atlantic salmon Climate change Global warming Sea ice Canadian Science Publishing Arctic Canada Pacific Environmental Reviews 20 4 220 311 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Canadian Science Publishing |
op_collection_id |
crcansciencepubl |
language |
English |
description |
Climate change, fishing, and aquaculture have affected and will continue to influence Canadian marine biodiversity, albeit at different spatial scales. The Arctic is notably affected by reduced quality and quantity of sea ice caused by global warming, and by concomitant and forecasted changes in ocean productivity, species ecology, and human activity. The Atlantic has been especially impacted by severe overfishing and human-induced alterations to food webs. Climate change, fishing, and aquaculture have all affected, to varying degrees, biodiversity on Canada’s Pacific coast. Past and projected trends in key biodiversity stressors reveal marked change. Oceanographic trends include increasing surface water temperatures, reduced salinity, increased acidity, and, in some areas, reduced oxygen. Reductions in Canada’s fishery catches (those in 2009 were half those of the late 1980s), followed by reductions in fishing pressure, are associated with dramatic changes in the species composition of commercial catches in the Atlantic (formerly groundfish, now predominantly invertebrates and pelagic fish) and the Pacific (formerly salmon, now predominantly groundfish). Aquaculture, dominated by the farming of Atlantic salmon, grew rapidly from the early 1980s until 2002 and has since stabilized. Climate change is forecast to affect marine biodiversity by shifting species distributions, changing species community composition, decoupling the timing of species’ resource requirements and resource availability, and reducing habitat quality. Harvest-related reductions in fish abundance, many by 80% or more, coupled with fishing-induced changes to food webs, are impairing the capacity of species to recover or even persist. Open-sea aquaculture net pens affect biodiversity by (i) habitat alteration resulting from organic wastes, chemical inputs, and use of nonnative species; (ii) exchange of pathogens between farmed and wild species; and (iii) interbreeding between wild fish and farmed escapees. Physical and biological changes in the ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Hutchings, Jeffrey A. Côté, Isabelle M. Dodson, Julian J. Fleming, Ian A. Jennings, S. Mantua, Nathan J. Peterman, Randall M. Riddell, Brian E. Weaver, Andrew J. |
spellingShingle |
Hutchings, Jeffrey A. Côté, Isabelle M. Dodson, Julian J. Fleming, Ian A. Jennings, S. Mantua, Nathan J. Peterman, Randall M. Riddell, Brian E. Weaver, Andrew J. Climate change, fisheries, and aquaculture: trends and consequences for Canadian marine biodiversity 1 This manuscript is a companion paper to Vander Zwaag et al. (doi:10.1139/a2012-013) and Hutchings et al. (doi:10.1139/er-2012-0049) also appearing in this issue. These three papers comprise an edited version of a February 2012 Royal Society of Canada Expert Panel Report. |
author_facet |
Hutchings, Jeffrey A. Côté, Isabelle M. Dodson, Julian J. Fleming, Ian A. Jennings, S. Mantua, Nathan J. Peterman, Randall M. Riddell, Brian E. Weaver, Andrew J. |
author_sort |
Hutchings, Jeffrey A. |
title |
Climate change, fisheries, and aquaculture: trends and consequences for Canadian marine biodiversity 1 This manuscript is a companion paper to Vander Zwaag et al. (doi:10.1139/a2012-013) and Hutchings et al. (doi:10.1139/er-2012-0049) also appearing in this issue. These three papers comprise an edited version of a February 2012 Royal Society of Canada Expert Panel Report. |
title_short |
Climate change, fisheries, and aquaculture: trends and consequences for Canadian marine biodiversity 1 This manuscript is a companion paper to Vander Zwaag et al. (doi:10.1139/a2012-013) and Hutchings et al. (doi:10.1139/er-2012-0049) also appearing in this issue. These three papers comprise an edited version of a February 2012 Royal Society of Canada Expert Panel Report. |
title_full |
Climate change, fisheries, and aquaculture: trends and consequences for Canadian marine biodiversity 1 This manuscript is a companion paper to Vander Zwaag et al. (doi:10.1139/a2012-013) and Hutchings et al. (doi:10.1139/er-2012-0049) also appearing in this issue. These three papers comprise an edited version of a February 2012 Royal Society of Canada Expert Panel Report. |
title_fullStr |
Climate change, fisheries, and aquaculture: trends and consequences for Canadian marine biodiversity 1 This manuscript is a companion paper to Vander Zwaag et al. (doi:10.1139/a2012-013) and Hutchings et al. (doi:10.1139/er-2012-0049) also appearing in this issue. These three papers comprise an edited version of a February 2012 Royal Society of Canada Expert Panel Report. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Climate change, fisheries, and aquaculture: trends and consequences for Canadian marine biodiversity 1 This manuscript is a companion paper to Vander Zwaag et al. (doi:10.1139/a2012-013) and Hutchings et al. (doi:10.1139/er-2012-0049) also appearing in this issue. These three papers comprise an edited version of a February 2012 Royal Society of Canada Expert Panel Report. |
title_sort |
climate change, fisheries, and aquaculture: trends and consequences for canadian marine biodiversity 1 this manuscript is a companion paper to vander zwaag et al. (doi:10.1139/a2012-013) and hutchings et al. (doi:10.1139/er-2012-0049) also appearing in this issue. these three papers comprise an edited version of a february 2012 royal society of canada expert panel report. |
publisher |
Canadian Science Publishing |
publishDate |
2012 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/a2012-011 http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/full-xml/10.1139/a2012-011 http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/pdf/10.1139/a2012-011 |
geographic |
Arctic Canada Pacific |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Canada Pacific |
genre |
Arctic Atlantic salmon Climate change Global warming Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Arctic Atlantic salmon Climate change Global warming Sea ice |
op_source |
Environmental Reviews volume 20, issue 4, page 220-311 ISSN 1181-8700 1208-6053 |
op_rights |
http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/page/about/CorporateTextAndDataMining |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1139/a2012-011 |
container_title |
Environmental Reviews |
container_volume |
20 |
container_issue |
4 |
container_start_page |
220 |
op_container_end_page |
311 |
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1802641833220636672 |