THE BIOLOGY OF SIMULIUM ARCTICUM MALLOCH IN ALBERTA. PART II. SEASONAL PARITY STRUCTURE AND MERMITHID PARASITISM OF POPULATIONS ATTACKING CATTLE AND FLYING OVER THE ATHABASCA RIVER
Abstract Dissections of flies caught attacking cattle and flying over the Athabasca River (14 June through 11 September 1974) revealed two large peaks of nulliparous females and two peaks of parous females. In both cases, peak numbers of nullipars preceded the peaks in pars. A small third cohort eme...
Published in: | The Canadian Entomologist |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Cambridge University Press (CUP)
1987
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent11929-1 https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0008347X00045508 |
id |
crcambridgeupr:10.4039/ent11929-1 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
crcambridgeupr:10.4039/ent11929-1 2023-05-15T15:26:02+02:00 THE BIOLOGY OF SIMULIUM ARCTICUM MALLOCH IN ALBERTA. PART II. SEASONAL PARITY STRUCTURE AND MERMITHID PARASITISM OF POPULATIONS ATTACKING CATTLE AND FLYING OVER THE ATHABASCA RIVER Anderson, J.R. Shemanchuk, J.A. 1987 http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent11929-1 https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0008347X00045508 en eng Cambridge University Press (CUP) https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms The Canadian Entomologist volume 119, issue 1, page 29-44 ISSN 0008-347X 1918-3240 Insect Science Molecular Biology Physiology Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Structural Biology journal-article 1987 crcambridgeupr https://doi.org/10.4039/ent11929-1 2022-04-07T08:53:10Z Abstract Dissections of flies caught attacking cattle and flying over the Athabasca River (14 June through 11 September 1974) revealed two large peaks of nulliparous females and two peaks of parous females. In both cases, peak numbers of nullipars preceded the peaks in pars. A small third cohort emerged in late August, and some nullipars were collected over the river on all sampling dates. Around cattle, nullipars had two prominent, but brief, peaks, followed by two subsequent prolonged periods when pars were most abundant. Parity of captured females was typical of the expected seasonal pattern of parity for an anautogenous species and corroborated our previous determination of obligate anautogeny of laboratory-reared females. Females examined for parity status were categorized as being teneral, blood-fed, gravid/ovipositing, or parasitized with a mermithid parasite ( Isomermis spp.). Dissection of 2414 flies caught over the river revealed little difference in the infection rates of males and females throughout the season. Mermithids occurred primarily in nulliparous flies of the first generation and retarded the development of the reproductive organs in both sexes. Parasitism did not prevent nulliparous females from mating, nor feeding on carbohydrate or blood. A blood meal actually seemed required for maturation of the mermithid parasite. Blood-engorged females with mermithids were collected both around cattle and flying over the Athabasca River. When parasitized females with digested blood meals joined swarms of ovipositing females, mermithids were returned to the river. Nearly all flies harbored just one worm; of the 1435 parous females examined for parity, only 1 had a small mermithid. By killing flies from which they exited, the worms prevented females from taking a second blood meal. Although flies were killed by exit of the mermithid, this parasite is ineffective against the major pest species, Simulium arcticum Malloch, because it does not prevent parasitized females from seeking and taking a blood meal and thereby harassing cattle. However, in years when nearly 50% of the emerged adults are parasitized (like 1974), this mermithid may be a principal factor regulating the population density of the S . arcticum population in subsequent years. Article in Journal/Newspaper Athabasca River Cambridge University Press (via Crossref) Athabasca River The Canadian Entomologist 119 1 29 44 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Cambridge University Press (via Crossref) |
op_collection_id |
crcambridgeupr |
language |
English |
topic |
Insect Science Molecular Biology Physiology Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Structural Biology |
spellingShingle |
Insect Science Molecular Biology Physiology Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Structural Biology Anderson, J.R. Shemanchuk, J.A. THE BIOLOGY OF SIMULIUM ARCTICUM MALLOCH IN ALBERTA. PART II. SEASONAL PARITY STRUCTURE AND MERMITHID PARASITISM OF POPULATIONS ATTACKING CATTLE AND FLYING OVER THE ATHABASCA RIVER |
topic_facet |
Insect Science Molecular Biology Physiology Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Structural Biology |
description |
Abstract Dissections of flies caught attacking cattle and flying over the Athabasca River (14 June through 11 September 1974) revealed two large peaks of nulliparous females and two peaks of parous females. In both cases, peak numbers of nullipars preceded the peaks in pars. A small third cohort emerged in late August, and some nullipars were collected over the river on all sampling dates. Around cattle, nullipars had two prominent, but brief, peaks, followed by two subsequent prolonged periods when pars were most abundant. Parity of captured females was typical of the expected seasonal pattern of parity for an anautogenous species and corroborated our previous determination of obligate anautogeny of laboratory-reared females. Females examined for parity status were categorized as being teneral, blood-fed, gravid/ovipositing, or parasitized with a mermithid parasite ( Isomermis spp.). Dissection of 2414 flies caught over the river revealed little difference in the infection rates of males and females throughout the season. Mermithids occurred primarily in nulliparous flies of the first generation and retarded the development of the reproductive organs in both sexes. Parasitism did not prevent nulliparous females from mating, nor feeding on carbohydrate or blood. A blood meal actually seemed required for maturation of the mermithid parasite. Blood-engorged females with mermithids were collected both around cattle and flying over the Athabasca River. When parasitized females with digested blood meals joined swarms of ovipositing females, mermithids were returned to the river. Nearly all flies harbored just one worm; of the 1435 parous females examined for parity, only 1 had a small mermithid. By killing flies from which they exited, the worms prevented females from taking a second blood meal. Although flies were killed by exit of the mermithid, this parasite is ineffective against the major pest species, Simulium arcticum Malloch, because it does not prevent parasitized females from seeking and taking a blood meal and thereby harassing cattle. However, in years when nearly 50% of the emerged adults are parasitized (like 1974), this mermithid may be a principal factor regulating the population density of the S . arcticum population in subsequent years. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Anderson, J.R. Shemanchuk, J.A. |
author_facet |
Anderson, J.R. Shemanchuk, J.A. |
author_sort |
Anderson, J.R. |
title |
THE BIOLOGY OF SIMULIUM ARCTICUM MALLOCH IN ALBERTA. PART II. SEASONAL PARITY STRUCTURE AND MERMITHID PARASITISM OF POPULATIONS ATTACKING CATTLE AND FLYING OVER THE ATHABASCA RIVER |
title_short |
THE BIOLOGY OF SIMULIUM ARCTICUM MALLOCH IN ALBERTA. PART II. SEASONAL PARITY STRUCTURE AND MERMITHID PARASITISM OF POPULATIONS ATTACKING CATTLE AND FLYING OVER THE ATHABASCA RIVER |
title_full |
THE BIOLOGY OF SIMULIUM ARCTICUM MALLOCH IN ALBERTA. PART II. SEASONAL PARITY STRUCTURE AND MERMITHID PARASITISM OF POPULATIONS ATTACKING CATTLE AND FLYING OVER THE ATHABASCA RIVER |
title_fullStr |
THE BIOLOGY OF SIMULIUM ARCTICUM MALLOCH IN ALBERTA. PART II. SEASONAL PARITY STRUCTURE AND MERMITHID PARASITISM OF POPULATIONS ATTACKING CATTLE AND FLYING OVER THE ATHABASCA RIVER |
title_full_unstemmed |
THE BIOLOGY OF SIMULIUM ARCTICUM MALLOCH IN ALBERTA. PART II. SEASONAL PARITY STRUCTURE AND MERMITHID PARASITISM OF POPULATIONS ATTACKING CATTLE AND FLYING OVER THE ATHABASCA RIVER |
title_sort |
biology of simulium arcticum malloch in alberta. part ii. seasonal parity structure and mermithid parasitism of populations attacking cattle and flying over the athabasca river |
publisher |
Cambridge University Press (CUP) |
publishDate |
1987 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent11929-1 https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0008347X00045508 |
geographic |
Athabasca River |
geographic_facet |
Athabasca River |
genre |
Athabasca River |
genre_facet |
Athabasca River |
op_source |
The Canadian Entomologist volume 119, issue 1, page 29-44 ISSN 0008-347X 1918-3240 |
op_rights |
https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.4039/ent11929-1 |
container_title |
The Canadian Entomologist |
container_volume |
119 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
29 |
op_container_end_page |
44 |
_version_ |
1766356599303045120 |