Trends in food intakes in Swedish adults 1986–1999: findings from the Northern Sweden MONICA (Monitoring of Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease) Study

• Published in: Public Health Nutrition
• Main Authors: Krachler, Benno, Eliasson, Mats CE, Johansson, Ingegerd, Hallmans, G/ran, Lindahl, Bernt
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Cambridge University Press (CUP) 2005
• Subjects: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health; Nutrition and Dietetics; Medicine (miscellaneous); Northern Sweden; Norrbotten
• Online Access: http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/phn2004710; https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S1368980005000832

Abstract Objective To determine changes in reported food frequency in adults between 1986 and 1999. Design Four consecutive cross-sectional surveys. Setting Counties of Norrbotten and Västerbotten, Northern Sweden. Subjects The Northern Sweden MONICA (Monitoring of Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease) population, four independent cross-sectional surveys in 1986, 1990, 1994 and 1999. Randomly selected age-stratified samples of the population aged 25–64 years. Analysis is based on 2982 males and 3087 females who completed an 84-item food-frequency questionnaire. Results Between 1986 and 1999, average reported consumption of 3%-fat milk decreased from 42 to 7 intakes month -1 in men and from 28 to 4 intakes month -1 in women. Reported use of 1.5%-fat milk increased from 6 to 27 intakes month -1 in men and from 6 to 24 in women. Monthly intakes of potatoes and root vegetables decreased from 38 to 27 in men and from 39 to 32 in women. Consumption of pasta increased from 4 to 7 intakes month -1 in both sexes. Intakes of solid fats with 80% fat content dropped from 92 to 62 per month in men and from 78 to 52 per month in women, whereas use of 40%-fat spread increased from 12 to 22 intakes month -1 in men and from 5 to 26 in women. Monthly intakes of vegetable oil increased from 3 to 12 in men and from 3 to 15 in women. The percentage of overweight or obese individuals (body mass index >25 kg m -2 ) increased from 52 to 65% in men and from 41 to 52% in women ( P for linear trend in all these changes, <0.001). Conclusions Our data indicate reduced consumption of foods with a high content of saturated fats. In spite of that, there is an unbroken trend towards increased obesity.