After the ice: Lateglacial and Holocene landforms and landscape evolution in Scotland
ABSTRACT During Lateglacial cold periods, permafrost developed throughout Scotland, sediment-mantled slopes were extensively modified by solifluction and other forms of periglacial mass movement, large-scale sorted patterned ground formed on plateaux, and enhanced rockfall resulted in talus accumula...
Published in: | Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh |
---|---|
Main Author: | |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Cambridge University Press (CUP)
2018
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s175569101800004x https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S175569101800004X |
id |
crcambridgeupr:10.1017/s175569101800004x |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
crcambridgeupr:10.1017/s175569101800004x 2024-06-23T07:53:39+00:00 After the ice: Lateglacial and Holocene landforms and landscape evolution in Scotland BALLANTYNE, Colin K. 2018 http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s175569101800004x https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S175569101800004X en eng Cambridge University Press (CUP) https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh volume 110, issue 1-2, page 133-171 ISSN 1755-6910 1755-6929 journal-article 2018 crcambridgeupr https://doi.org/10.1017/s175569101800004x 2024-06-05T04:04:32Z ABSTRACT During Lateglacial cold periods, permafrost developed throughout Scotland, sediment-mantled slopes were extensively modified by solifluction and other forms of periglacial mass movement, large-scale sorted patterned ground formed on plateaux, and enhanced rockfall resulted in talus accumulation below cliffs. Most rock-slope failures occurred within five millennia following ice-sheet deglaciation, with many probably triggered by uplift-induced earthquakes; numerous debris-free scarps represent sites where Lateglacial rockslide debris was excavated by glaciers during the Younger Dryas Stade (∼12.9–11.7 ka). Sandar and outwash fans deposited by glacial rivers during ice-sheet retreat were incised to form high-level terraces. Under the cool temperate but relatively stable climate of the Holocene, solifluction and patterned ground formation continued to operate on high ground, though accumulation of high-level aeolian deposits on most mountains was terminated by erosion during the Little Ice Age. Drift-mantled slopes and talus slopes have been extensively eroded by translational failures and debris flows, the latter depositing debris cones on upland valley floors. The incidence of Holocene rockslides has been much lower than during the Lateglacial period. Dating of alluvial deposits and low Holocene terraces suggests no consistent pattern of Holocene floodplain evolution: incision has apparently dominated in the Highlands, aggradation in the lowlands, and floodplains in the Southern Uplands have asynchronous histories of incision and aggradation. Studies of floodplain behaviour over the past 200–300 years suggest that though major floods rework the floodplains of braided and piedmont rivers, there is no tendency towards net floodplain aggradation or incision. Most valley-side alluvial fans accumulated episodically in the last 4000 years, many in response to lowering of hillslope stability by woodland clearance. For many postglacial landsystems, disentangling the effects of declining paraglacial sediment ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Ice Ice Sheet permafrost Cambridge University Press Sandar ENVELOPE(-18.255,-18.255,63.521,63.521) Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 110 1-2 133 171 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Cambridge University Press |
op_collection_id |
crcambridgeupr |
language |
English |
description |
ABSTRACT During Lateglacial cold periods, permafrost developed throughout Scotland, sediment-mantled slopes were extensively modified by solifluction and other forms of periglacial mass movement, large-scale sorted patterned ground formed on plateaux, and enhanced rockfall resulted in talus accumulation below cliffs. Most rock-slope failures occurred within five millennia following ice-sheet deglaciation, with many probably triggered by uplift-induced earthquakes; numerous debris-free scarps represent sites where Lateglacial rockslide debris was excavated by glaciers during the Younger Dryas Stade (∼12.9–11.7 ka). Sandar and outwash fans deposited by glacial rivers during ice-sheet retreat were incised to form high-level terraces. Under the cool temperate but relatively stable climate of the Holocene, solifluction and patterned ground formation continued to operate on high ground, though accumulation of high-level aeolian deposits on most mountains was terminated by erosion during the Little Ice Age. Drift-mantled slopes and talus slopes have been extensively eroded by translational failures and debris flows, the latter depositing debris cones on upland valley floors. The incidence of Holocene rockslides has been much lower than during the Lateglacial period. Dating of alluvial deposits and low Holocene terraces suggests no consistent pattern of Holocene floodplain evolution: incision has apparently dominated in the Highlands, aggradation in the lowlands, and floodplains in the Southern Uplands have asynchronous histories of incision and aggradation. Studies of floodplain behaviour over the past 200–300 years suggest that though major floods rework the floodplains of braided and piedmont rivers, there is no tendency towards net floodplain aggradation or incision. Most valley-side alluvial fans accumulated episodically in the last 4000 years, many in response to lowering of hillslope stability by woodland clearance. For many postglacial landsystems, disentangling the effects of declining paraglacial sediment ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
BALLANTYNE, Colin K. |
spellingShingle |
BALLANTYNE, Colin K. After the ice: Lateglacial and Holocene landforms and landscape evolution in Scotland |
author_facet |
BALLANTYNE, Colin K. |
author_sort |
BALLANTYNE, Colin K. |
title |
After the ice: Lateglacial and Holocene landforms and landscape evolution in Scotland |
title_short |
After the ice: Lateglacial and Holocene landforms and landscape evolution in Scotland |
title_full |
After the ice: Lateglacial and Holocene landforms and landscape evolution in Scotland |
title_fullStr |
After the ice: Lateglacial and Holocene landforms and landscape evolution in Scotland |
title_full_unstemmed |
After the ice: Lateglacial and Holocene landforms and landscape evolution in Scotland |
title_sort |
after the ice: lateglacial and holocene landforms and landscape evolution in scotland |
publisher |
Cambridge University Press (CUP) |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s175569101800004x https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S175569101800004X |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-18.255,-18.255,63.521,63.521) |
geographic |
Sandar |
geographic_facet |
Sandar |
genre |
Ice Ice Sheet permafrost |
genre_facet |
Ice Ice Sheet permafrost |
op_source |
Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh volume 110, issue 1-2, page 133-171 ISSN 1755-6910 1755-6929 |
op_rights |
https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1017/s175569101800004x |
container_title |
Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh |
container_volume |
110 |
container_issue |
1-2 |
container_start_page |
133 |
op_container_end_page |
171 |
_version_ |
1802645411650863104 |