An Epidemiological Analysis of Terrorist Attacks in the Nordic and Baltic Countries from 1970 through 2020
Abstract Background: Russia’s annexation of Crimea in 2014, and the recent Russo-Ukrainian war that started in 2022, were triggers that radically changed the perception of security in the Nordic and Baltic countries. The on-going Russian hybrid war has resulted in a renewed global interest in the sa...
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Cambridge University Press (CUP)
2023
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x23005794 https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S1049023X23005794 |
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crcambridgeupr:10.1017/s1049023x23005794 2024-06-23T07:54:07+00:00 An Epidemiological Analysis of Terrorist Attacks in the Nordic and Baltic Countries from 1970 through 2020 De Cauwer, Harald Granholm, Fredrik Khorram-Manesh, Amir Barten, Dennis G. Tin, Derrick Mortelmans, Luc J. Somville, Francis Ciottone, Gregory R. 2023 http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x23005794 https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S1049023X23005794 en eng Cambridge University Press (CUP) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Prehospital and Disaster Medicine volume 38, issue 3, page 401-408 ISSN 1049-023X 1945-1938 journal-article 2023 crcambridgeupr https://doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x23005794 2024-06-05T04:01:51Z Abstract Background: Russia’s annexation of Crimea in 2014, and the recent Russo-Ukrainian war that started in 2022, were triggers that radically changed the perception of security in the Nordic and Baltic countries. The on-going Russian hybrid war has resulted in a renewed global interest in the safety and security of many countries (eg, the Nordic-Baltic Eight). The prospective North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) membership of Finland and Sweden may drastically change the regional military and political landscape. The objective of this study was to identify and characterize all documented terrorist attacks in this region as reported to the Global Terrorism Database (GTD) from 1970 through 2020. Methods: The GTD was searched using the internal database functions for all terrorism incidents in the Nordic-Baltic states: Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, and Sweden. Temporal factors, location, target type, attack and weapon type, perpetrator type, number of casualties, and property value loss were collated. Results were exported into an Excel spreadsheet for analysis. Results: There were 298 terrorism-related incidents from 1970 through 2020. Most attacks occurred in Sweden, followed by Norway and Finland. No entries were recorded for the Baltic states prior to their independency in 1991. The 298 incidents resulted in a total of 113 fatalities and 277 injuries. Facility/infrastructure attacks were the most frequently identified attack type (35.0%), followed by bombings and explosions (30.9%). Armed assaults were responsible for 80 fatalities and 105 injuries, followed by bombings/explosions with 15 fatalities and 72 injuries. The predominant target types were immigrants and refugee shelters (64/298 incidents). In only 33.6% of the incidents, perpetrators were known. Right-wing assailants represented the largest group, accounting for 27 incidents. Conclusion: From 1970 through 2020, there were 298 terrorist attacks in the Nordic-Baltic Eight. Sweden accounted for 50% of incidents. ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Iceland Cambridge University Press Norway Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 38 3 401 408 |
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Open Polar |
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Cambridge University Press |
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crcambridgeupr |
language |
English |
description |
Abstract Background: Russia’s annexation of Crimea in 2014, and the recent Russo-Ukrainian war that started in 2022, were triggers that radically changed the perception of security in the Nordic and Baltic countries. The on-going Russian hybrid war has resulted in a renewed global interest in the safety and security of many countries (eg, the Nordic-Baltic Eight). The prospective North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) membership of Finland and Sweden may drastically change the regional military and political landscape. The objective of this study was to identify and characterize all documented terrorist attacks in this region as reported to the Global Terrorism Database (GTD) from 1970 through 2020. Methods: The GTD was searched using the internal database functions for all terrorism incidents in the Nordic-Baltic states: Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, and Sweden. Temporal factors, location, target type, attack and weapon type, perpetrator type, number of casualties, and property value loss were collated. Results were exported into an Excel spreadsheet for analysis. Results: There were 298 terrorism-related incidents from 1970 through 2020. Most attacks occurred in Sweden, followed by Norway and Finland. No entries were recorded for the Baltic states prior to their independency in 1991. The 298 incidents resulted in a total of 113 fatalities and 277 injuries. Facility/infrastructure attacks were the most frequently identified attack type (35.0%), followed by bombings and explosions (30.9%). Armed assaults were responsible for 80 fatalities and 105 injuries, followed by bombings/explosions with 15 fatalities and 72 injuries. The predominant target types were immigrants and refugee shelters (64/298 incidents). In only 33.6% of the incidents, perpetrators were known. Right-wing assailants represented the largest group, accounting for 27 incidents. Conclusion: From 1970 through 2020, there were 298 terrorist attacks in the Nordic-Baltic Eight. Sweden accounted for 50% of incidents. ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
De Cauwer, Harald Granholm, Fredrik Khorram-Manesh, Amir Barten, Dennis G. Tin, Derrick Mortelmans, Luc J. Somville, Francis Ciottone, Gregory R. |
spellingShingle |
De Cauwer, Harald Granholm, Fredrik Khorram-Manesh, Amir Barten, Dennis G. Tin, Derrick Mortelmans, Luc J. Somville, Francis Ciottone, Gregory R. An Epidemiological Analysis of Terrorist Attacks in the Nordic and Baltic Countries from 1970 through 2020 |
author_facet |
De Cauwer, Harald Granholm, Fredrik Khorram-Manesh, Amir Barten, Dennis G. Tin, Derrick Mortelmans, Luc J. Somville, Francis Ciottone, Gregory R. |
author_sort |
De Cauwer, Harald |
title |
An Epidemiological Analysis of Terrorist Attacks in the Nordic and Baltic Countries from 1970 through 2020 |
title_short |
An Epidemiological Analysis of Terrorist Attacks in the Nordic and Baltic Countries from 1970 through 2020 |
title_full |
An Epidemiological Analysis of Terrorist Attacks in the Nordic and Baltic Countries from 1970 through 2020 |
title_fullStr |
An Epidemiological Analysis of Terrorist Attacks in the Nordic and Baltic Countries from 1970 through 2020 |
title_full_unstemmed |
An Epidemiological Analysis of Terrorist Attacks in the Nordic and Baltic Countries from 1970 through 2020 |
title_sort |
epidemiological analysis of terrorist attacks in the nordic and baltic countries from 1970 through 2020 |
publisher |
Cambridge University Press (CUP) |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x23005794 https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S1049023X23005794 |
geographic |
Norway |
geographic_facet |
Norway |
genre |
Iceland |
genre_facet |
Iceland |
op_source |
Prehospital and Disaster Medicine volume 38, issue 3, page 401-408 ISSN 1049-023X 1945-1938 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x23005794 |
container_title |
Prehospital and Disaster Medicine |
container_volume |
38 |
container_issue |
3 |
container_start_page |
401 |
op_container_end_page |
408 |
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1802646089668493312 |