Reference systems of maps and geographic information systems of Antarctica

The necessity for uniform reference systems for conventional maps (analogue) and geographic information systems (digital) is discussed. It is recommended that the following scales and projections are used for Antarctic maps: general maps at scales smaller than 1:1 000 000 should use a stereographic...

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Published in:Antarctic Science
Main Authors: Sievers, Jörn, Bennat, Heinz
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:English
Published: Cambridge University Press (CUP) 1989
Subjects:
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102089000532
https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0954102089000532
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spelling crcambridgeupr:10.1017/s0954102089000532 2024-03-03T08:38:36+00:00 Reference systems of maps and geographic information systems of Antarctica Sievers, Jörn Bennat, Heinz 1989 http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102089000532 https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0954102089000532 en eng Cambridge University Press (CUP) https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms Antarctic Science volume 1, issue 4, page 351-362 ISSN 0954-1020 1365-2079 Geology Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Oceanography journal-article 1989 crcambridgeupr https://doi.org/10.1017/s0954102089000532 2024-02-08T08:29:15Z The necessity for uniform reference systems for conventional maps (analogue) and geographic information systems (digital) is discussed. It is recommended that the following scales and projections are used for Antarctic maps: general maps at scales smaller than 1:1 000 000 should use a stereographic projection. Maps up to a scale of 1:1 000 000 should be compiled according to the specifications of the International Map of the World (IMW) 1:1 000 000. Ellipsoids are used as reference surfaces for the various map projections. Differences of the ellipsoidal parameters of the WGS72 and WGS84 systems have to be considered if accuracies better than 10 m are required. Geographic information systems may store data in vector or raster format and in geographic or in geodetic coordinates. For a raster format which is referred to the geographic (spheroidal) grid the term of ‘geographic raster’ is introduced, in contrast to the ‘geodetic raster’ which is referred to a plane cartesian coordinate system. The Institut für Angewandte Geodäsie (IfAG) is establishing the ‘Geocoded Information System Antarctica’ (GIA) using digital satellite image recordings. Internal storage of data in the GIA is in the form of the geodetic raster (and not by spheroidal coordinates). For the scale range 1:250 000 to 1:1 000 000 the size of the raster element is 60 m × 60 m. For smaller scales, satellite image data of a raster width of 240 m × 240 m are preferred. ‘All cartographers' trouble began with the abolition of the flat-Earth theory ’ Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Science Antarctica Cambridge University Press Antarctic Antarctic Science 1 4 351 362
institution Open Polar
collection Cambridge University Press
op_collection_id crcambridgeupr
language English
topic Geology
Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Oceanography
spellingShingle Geology
Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Oceanography
Sievers, Jörn
Bennat, Heinz
Reference systems of maps and geographic information systems of Antarctica
topic_facet Geology
Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Oceanography
description The necessity for uniform reference systems for conventional maps (analogue) and geographic information systems (digital) is discussed. It is recommended that the following scales and projections are used for Antarctic maps: general maps at scales smaller than 1:1 000 000 should use a stereographic projection. Maps up to a scale of 1:1 000 000 should be compiled according to the specifications of the International Map of the World (IMW) 1:1 000 000. Ellipsoids are used as reference surfaces for the various map projections. Differences of the ellipsoidal parameters of the WGS72 and WGS84 systems have to be considered if accuracies better than 10 m are required. Geographic information systems may store data in vector or raster format and in geographic or in geodetic coordinates. For a raster format which is referred to the geographic (spheroidal) grid the term of ‘geographic raster’ is introduced, in contrast to the ‘geodetic raster’ which is referred to a plane cartesian coordinate system. The Institut für Angewandte Geodäsie (IfAG) is establishing the ‘Geocoded Information System Antarctica’ (GIA) using digital satellite image recordings. Internal storage of data in the GIA is in the form of the geodetic raster (and not by spheroidal coordinates). For the scale range 1:250 000 to 1:1 000 000 the size of the raster element is 60 m × 60 m. For smaller scales, satellite image data of a raster width of 240 m × 240 m are preferred. ‘All cartographers' trouble began with the abolition of the flat-Earth theory ’
format Article in Journal/Newspaper
author Sievers, Jörn
Bennat, Heinz
author_facet Sievers, Jörn
Bennat, Heinz
author_sort Sievers, Jörn
title Reference systems of maps and geographic information systems of Antarctica
title_short Reference systems of maps and geographic information systems of Antarctica
title_full Reference systems of maps and geographic information systems of Antarctica
title_fullStr Reference systems of maps and geographic information systems of Antarctica
title_full_unstemmed Reference systems of maps and geographic information systems of Antarctica
title_sort reference systems of maps and geographic information systems of antarctica
publisher Cambridge University Press (CUP)
publishDate 1989
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102089000532
https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0954102089000532
geographic Antarctic
geographic_facet Antarctic
genre Antarc*
Antarctic
Antarctic Science
Antarctica
genre_facet Antarc*
Antarctic
Antarctic Science
Antarctica
op_source Antarctic Science
volume 1, issue 4, page 351-362
ISSN 0954-1020 1365-2079
op_rights https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms
op_doi https://doi.org/10.1017/s0954102089000532
container_title Antarctic Science
container_volume 1
container_issue 4
container_start_page 351
op_container_end_page 362
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