Antarctic fish muscles — structure, function and physiology
The structure and function of swimming muscles in Antarctic fish is reviewed, the emphasis being on the highly endemic sub-order Notothenioidei. Adult stages of the vast majority of species swim at low speeds using large pectoral fins (labriform locomotion). This is supplemented with sub-carangiform...
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Cambridge University Press (CUP)
1989
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102089000167 https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0954102089000167 |
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crcambridgeupr:10.1017/s0954102089000167 2024-03-03T08:38:08+00:00 Antarctic fish muscles — structure, function and physiology Johnston, Ian A. 1989 http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102089000167 https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0954102089000167 en eng Cambridge University Press (CUP) https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms Antarctic Science volume 1, issue 2, page 97-108 ISSN 0954-1020 1365-2079 Geology Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Oceanography journal-article 1989 crcambridgeupr https://doi.org/10.1017/s0954102089000167 2024-02-08T08:22:37Z The structure and function of swimming muscles in Antarctic fish is reviewed, the emphasis being on the highly endemic sub-order Notothenioidei. Adult stages of the vast majority of species swim at low speeds using large pectoral fins (labriform locomotion). This is supplemented with sub-carangiform swimming in pelagic juvenile stages and in the adult stages of some other species. The thrust for sustained activity is provided by the recruitment of slow muscle fibres. Slow muscle myofibrils typically occur in columns one fibril thick entirely surrounded by mitochondria. The resulting high volume density of mitochondria (30–60%), and short inter-mitochondrial spacing, is thought to represent an adaptation which serves to compensate for the detrimental effects of low temperature on enzyme reaction and diffusion rates. Sub-carangiform swimming is used to achieve burst speeds associated with prey capture and/or predator avoidance. Burst speeds require the recruitment of fast twitch fibres in the myotomes. In many demersal species the energy supply for burst swimming largely comes from phosphogen hydrolysis, and the capacity of fast twitch fibres for anaerobic glycogenolysis is severely reduced. Antarctic fish are characterized by delayed maturation, slow growth and low metabolic rates. The fast myotomal muscles of adult stages often contain few fibres less than 80 μm diameter, fibres 200–450 μm diameter forming the major size class in numerous species. It is therefore likely that hyperplasia ceases at a relatively early stage in development and that subsequent muscle growth involves hypertrophy of existing fibres. Studies of the contractile properties of isolated muscle fibres suggest that low temperature limits maximum swimming performance in Antarctic fish. Kinematic data suggest that this is most noticeable for juvenile stages, which have higher maximum tail-beat frequencies than adults. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Science Cambridge University Press Antarctic Antarctic Science 1 2 97 108 |
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Open Polar |
collection |
Cambridge University Press |
op_collection_id |
crcambridgeupr |
language |
English |
topic |
Geology Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Oceanography |
spellingShingle |
Geology Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Oceanography Johnston, Ian A. Antarctic fish muscles — structure, function and physiology |
topic_facet |
Geology Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Oceanography |
description |
The structure and function of swimming muscles in Antarctic fish is reviewed, the emphasis being on the highly endemic sub-order Notothenioidei. Adult stages of the vast majority of species swim at low speeds using large pectoral fins (labriform locomotion). This is supplemented with sub-carangiform swimming in pelagic juvenile stages and in the adult stages of some other species. The thrust for sustained activity is provided by the recruitment of slow muscle fibres. Slow muscle myofibrils typically occur in columns one fibril thick entirely surrounded by mitochondria. The resulting high volume density of mitochondria (30–60%), and short inter-mitochondrial spacing, is thought to represent an adaptation which serves to compensate for the detrimental effects of low temperature on enzyme reaction and diffusion rates. Sub-carangiform swimming is used to achieve burst speeds associated with prey capture and/or predator avoidance. Burst speeds require the recruitment of fast twitch fibres in the myotomes. In many demersal species the energy supply for burst swimming largely comes from phosphogen hydrolysis, and the capacity of fast twitch fibres for anaerobic glycogenolysis is severely reduced. Antarctic fish are characterized by delayed maturation, slow growth and low metabolic rates. The fast myotomal muscles of adult stages often contain few fibres less than 80 μm diameter, fibres 200–450 μm diameter forming the major size class in numerous species. It is therefore likely that hyperplasia ceases at a relatively early stage in development and that subsequent muscle growth involves hypertrophy of existing fibres. Studies of the contractile properties of isolated muscle fibres suggest that low temperature limits maximum swimming performance in Antarctic fish. Kinematic data suggest that this is most noticeable for juvenile stages, which have higher maximum tail-beat frequencies than adults. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Johnston, Ian A. |
author_facet |
Johnston, Ian A. |
author_sort |
Johnston, Ian A. |
title |
Antarctic fish muscles — structure, function and physiology |
title_short |
Antarctic fish muscles — structure, function and physiology |
title_full |
Antarctic fish muscles — structure, function and physiology |
title_fullStr |
Antarctic fish muscles — structure, function and physiology |
title_full_unstemmed |
Antarctic fish muscles — structure, function and physiology |
title_sort |
antarctic fish muscles — structure, function and physiology |
publisher |
Cambridge University Press (CUP) |
publishDate |
1989 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102089000167 https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0954102089000167 |
geographic |
Antarctic |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Science |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Science |
op_source |
Antarctic Science volume 1, issue 2, page 97-108 ISSN 0954-1020 1365-2079 |
op_rights |
https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1017/s0954102089000167 |
container_title |
Antarctic Science |
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1 |
container_issue |
2 |
container_start_page |
97 |
op_container_end_page |
108 |
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1792504922229440512 |