Unravelling the suitability of Branchinecta gaini as a potential biomonitor of contaminants of emerging concern in the Antarctic Peninsula region

• Published in: Antarctic Science
• Main Authors: González-Aravena, Marcelo, Iturra, Graciela, Font, Alejandro, Cárdenas, César A., Rondon, Rodolfo, Bergami, Elisa, Corsi, Ilaria
• Other Authors: Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Cambridge University Press (CUP) 2022
• Subjects: Antarc*; Antarctic; Antarctic Peninsula; Antarctic Science; Antarctica
• Online Access: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102022000086; https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0954102022000086

Abstract The occurrence and impact of contaminants of emerging concerns (CECs) have been investigated in Antarctica much less than in other parts of the world. Although legacy anthropogenic pollutants can reach Antarctica via long-range transport, CECs mainly originate from local sources. Here, we investigated the ability of a freshwater crustacean, the Antarctic fairy shrimp Branchinecta gaini , to cope with nanoscale titanium dioxide (n-TiO 2 ), a widely used pigment in consumer products (e.g. paintings), including those for personal care (e.g. sunscreens). An in vivo acute short-term exposure study (9 h, n-TiO 2 concentration range 50–200 μg ml -1 ) was performed and the expression levels of several genes involved in stress response were evaluated. No effect on the expression of heat-shock protein chaperone genes was found, with the exception of Hsp70a , which was significantly upregulated at 200 μg ml -1 n-TiO 2 . Similarly, cytochrome P450 was upregulated at 100 and 200 μg ml -1 n-TiO 2 , while the expression levels of cathepsin L and of antioxidant genes such as superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were significantly reduced with increasing concentrations of n-TiO 2 . This study shows for the first time the responsiveness and sensitivity of an Antarctic freshwater crustacean to n-TiO 2 exposure and supports its suitability as a biomonitor of CECs in Antarctica.