Air temperature lapse rates and cloud cover in a hyper-oceanic climate
Abstract Air temperature lapse rates vary geographically and temporally. Sub-Antarctic Macquarie Island provides an opportunity to compare lapse rates between windward and leeward slopes in a hyper-oceanic climate. Lapse rates were steep by global standards, typically close to the dry adiabatic laps...
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Cambridge University Press (CUP)
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102020000309 https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0954102020000309 |
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crcambridgeupr:10.1017/s0954102020000309 2024-03-03T08:39:18+00:00 Air temperature lapse rates and cloud cover in a hyper-oceanic climate Fitzgerald, Nicholas B. Kirkpatrick, Jamie B. 2020 http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102020000309 https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0954102020000309 en eng Cambridge University Press (CUP) https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms Antarctic Science volume 32, issue 6, page 440-453 ISSN 0954-1020 1365-2079 Geology Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Oceanography journal-article 2020 crcambridgeupr https://doi.org/10.1017/s0954102020000309 2024-02-08T08:36:05Z Abstract Air temperature lapse rates vary geographically and temporally. Sub-Antarctic Macquarie Island provides an opportunity to compare lapse rates between windward and leeward slopes in a hyper-oceanic climate. Lapse rates were steep by global standards, typically close to the dry adiabatic lapse rate despite the near-constant high humidity. Limited diurnal and seasonal variation occurs in lapse rates on Macquarie Island. High variability of lapse rates on the eastern (lee) slope in summer months and in the midday hours appears to be driven by solar radiation. No diurnal or seasonal pattern was evident on the western slope. Development of orographic cloud is expected to modify lapse rates, given the theoretical shift between dry and saturated adiabatic lapse rates that occurs with condensation of water vapour. Cloud cover was frequent, with higher elevations being under cloud 50% of the time, with no seasonal variation. However, cloud base level did not explain variation in lapse rates. Low cloud is likely to be of ecological importance because it influences fog precipitation, solar radiation and evapotranspiration. Year-round dominance of westerly airflows and limited seasonal variation in air temperature and humidity explain the limited seasonal variation in cloud cover and lapse rates on Macquarie Island. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Science Macquarie Island Cambridge University Press Antarctic Antarctic Science 32 6 440 453 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Cambridge University Press |
op_collection_id |
crcambridgeupr |
language |
English |
topic |
Geology Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Oceanography |
spellingShingle |
Geology Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Oceanography Fitzgerald, Nicholas B. Kirkpatrick, Jamie B. Air temperature lapse rates and cloud cover in a hyper-oceanic climate |
topic_facet |
Geology Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Oceanography |
description |
Abstract Air temperature lapse rates vary geographically and temporally. Sub-Antarctic Macquarie Island provides an opportunity to compare lapse rates between windward and leeward slopes in a hyper-oceanic climate. Lapse rates were steep by global standards, typically close to the dry adiabatic lapse rate despite the near-constant high humidity. Limited diurnal and seasonal variation occurs in lapse rates on Macquarie Island. High variability of lapse rates on the eastern (lee) slope in summer months and in the midday hours appears to be driven by solar radiation. No diurnal or seasonal pattern was evident on the western slope. Development of orographic cloud is expected to modify lapse rates, given the theoretical shift between dry and saturated adiabatic lapse rates that occurs with condensation of water vapour. Cloud cover was frequent, with higher elevations being under cloud 50% of the time, with no seasonal variation. However, cloud base level did not explain variation in lapse rates. Low cloud is likely to be of ecological importance because it influences fog precipitation, solar radiation and evapotranspiration. Year-round dominance of westerly airflows and limited seasonal variation in air temperature and humidity explain the limited seasonal variation in cloud cover and lapse rates on Macquarie Island. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Fitzgerald, Nicholas B. Kirkpatrick, Jamie B. |
author_facet |
Fitzgerald, Nicholas B. Kirkpatrick, Jamie B. |
author_sort |
Fitzgerald, Nicholas B. |
title |
Air temperature lapse rates and cloud cover in a hyper-oceanic climate |
title_short |
Air temperature lapse rates and cloud cover in a hyper-oceanic climate |
title_full |
Air temperature lapse rates and cloud cover in a hyper-oceanic climate |
title_fullStr |
Air temperature lapse rates and cloud cover in a hyper-oceanic climate |
title_full_unstemmed |
Air temperature lapse rates and cloud cover in a hyper-oceanic climate |
title_sort |
air temperature lapse rates and cloud cover in a hyper-oceanic climate |
publisher |
Cambridge University Press (CUP) |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102020000309 https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0954102020000309 |
geographic |
Antarctic |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Science Macquarie Island |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Science Macquarie Island |
op_source |
Antarctic Science volume 32, issue 6, page 440-453 ISSN 0954-1020 1365-2079 |
op_rights |
https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1017/s0954102020000309 |
container_title |
Antarctic Science |
container_volume |
32 |
container_issue |
6 |
container_start_page |
440 |
op_container_end_page |
453 |
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1792494788409294848 |