Global and hemispheric climate variations affecting the Southern Ocean
The hemispheric and regional atmospheric circulation influences the Southern Ocean in many and profound ways, including intense air-sea fluxes of momentum, energy, fresh water and dissolved gases. The Southern Ocean ventilates a large fraction of the world ocean and hence these influences are spread...
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Language: | English |
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Cambridge University Press (CUP)
2004
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102004002226 https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0954102004002226 |
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crcambridgeupr:10.1017/s0954102004002226 2024-09-15T17:46:02+00:00 Global and hemispheric climate variations affecting the Southern Ocean SIMMONDS, IAN KING, JOHN C. 2004 http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102004002226 https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0954102004002226 en eng Cambridge University Press (CUP) https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms Antarctic Science volume 16, issue 4, page 401-413 ISSN 0954-1020 1365-2079 journal-article 2004 crcambridgeupr https://doi.org/10.1017/s0954102004002226 2024-08-07T04:03:58Z The hemispheric and regional atmospheric circulation influences the Southern Ocean in many and profound ways, including intense air-sea fluxes of momentum, energy, fresh water and dissolved gases. The Southern Ocean ventilates a large fraction of the world ocean and hence these influences are spread globally. We use the NCEP-2 reanalysis data set to diagnose aspects of the large-scale atmospheric structure and variability and explore how these impact on the Southern Ocean. We discuss how the ‘Southern Annular Mode’ and the ‘Pacific-South American’ pattern influence the Southern Ocean, particularly in the eastern Pacific. We review the importance of atmospheric eddies in Southern Ocean climate, and the role they play in the transport of mechanical energy into the ocean. The fluxes of fresh water across the air-sea boundary influence strongly the processes of water mass formation. It is shown that climatological precipitation exceeds evaporation over most of the Southern Ocean. When averaged over the ocean from 50°S to the Antarctic coast the annual mean excess is 0.80 mm day −1 . The magnitude of the flux displays only a small measure of seasonality, and its largest value of 0.92 mm day −1 occurs in summer. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Science Southern Ocean Cambridge University Press Antarctic Science 16 4 401 413 |
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Open Polar |
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Cambridge University Press |
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crcambridgeupr |
language |
English |
description |
The hemispheric and regional atmospheric circulation influences the Southern Ocean in many and profound ways, including intense air-sea fluxes of momentum, energy, fresh water and dissolved gases. The Southern Ocean ventilates a large fraction of the world ocean and hence these influences are spread globally. We use the NCEP-2 reanalysis data set to diagnose aspects of the large-scale atmospheric structure and variability and explore how these impact on the Southern Ocean. We discuss how the ‘Southern Annular Mode’ and the ‘Pacific-South American’ pattern influence the Southern Ocean, particularly in the eastern Pacific. We review the importance of atmospheric eddies in Southern Ocean climate, and the role they play in the transport of mechanical energy into the ocean. The fluxes of fresh water across the air-sea boundary influence strongly the processes of water mass formation. It is shown that climatological precipitation exceeds evaporation over most of the Southern Ocean. When averaged over the ocean from 50°S to the Antarctic coast the annual mean excess is 0.80 mm day −1 . The magnitude of the flux displays only a small measure of seasonality, and its largest value of 0.92 mm day −1 occurs in summer. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
SIMMONDS, IAN KING, JOHN C. |
spellingShingle |
SIMMONDS, IAN KING, JOHN C. Global and hemispheric climate variations affecting the Southern Ocean |
author_facet |
SIMMONDS, IAN KING, JOHN C. |
author_sort |
SIMMONDS, IAN |
title |
Global and hemispheric climate variations affecting the Southern Ocean |
title_short |
Global and hemispheric climate variations affecting the Southern Ocean |
title_full |
Global and hemispheric climate variations affecting the Southern Ocean |
title_fullStr |
Global and hemispheric climate variations affecting the Southern Ocean |
title_full_unstemmed |
Global and hemispheric climate variations affecting the Southern Ocean |
title_sort |
global and hemispheric climate variations affecting the southern ocean |
publisher |
Cambridge University Press (CUP) |
publishDate |
2004 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102004002226 https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0954102004002226 |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Science Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Science Southern Ocean |
op_source |
Antarctic Science volume 16, issue 4, page 401-413 ISSN 0954-1020 1365-2079 |
op_rights |
https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1017/s0954102004002226 |
container_title |
Antarctic Science |
container_volume |
16 |
container_issue |
4 |
container_start_page |
401 |
op_container_end_page |
413 |
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1810493982964187136 |