Marine Navigation in the Canadian Arctic

• Published in: Journal of Navigation
• Main Author: MacLean, J. H.
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Cambridge University Press (CUP) 1952
• Subjects: Ocean Engineering; Oceanography; Arctic; Ellesmere Island; Greenland; Hudson; North Pole; Northwest Passage; Nares; Smith Sound; Baffin; Northwest passage; Smith sound
• Online Access: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463300044878; https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0373463300044878

The history of marine navigation in the area to the north of Hudson Straits and west of Greenland dates back to Martin Frobisher in 1567, John Davis in 1585 (who reached N. 72° 15′), and William Baffin, who got as far as Smith Sound (N. 77° 45′) in 1616. All of them were searching for a short route to the East. There was little exploration in the area for the next two-hundred years, until, in 1818, the British Government recommended explorations for the Northwest Passage: This activity continued throughout the Franklin era up to 1875, when Captain George Nares proceeded to N. 82° 25′ on the northern end of Ellesmere Island. After this, the role of exploration gradually passed to American hands, largely culminating in 1909 with Robert E. Peary's attainment of the North Pole.