Distribution of Jet Streams in the North Atlantic, Europe and the Mediterranean, 1957–8
From an inspection of upper-air contour charts for 300 and 200 mb., the location of the axis of jet streams of 80 kt. or more has been assessed once daily over the two years 1957–8. Results are presented for each of the four seasons by means of isopleths of frequency (Fig. 1) and also by means of fr...
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Language: | English |
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Cambridge University Press (CUP)
1961
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s037346330001938x https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S037346330001938X |
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crcambridgeupr:10.1017/s037346330001938x 2024-03-03T08:47:04+00:00 Distribution of Jet Streams in the North Atlantic, Europe and the Mediterranean, 1957–8 Crossley, A. F. 1961 http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s037346330001938x https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S037346330001938X en eng Cambridge University Press (CUP) https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms Journal of Navigation volume 14, issue 4, page 432-445 ISSN 0373-4633 1469-7785 Ocean Engineering Oceanography journal-article 1961 crcambridgeupr https://doi.org/10.1017/s037346330001938x 2024-02-08T08:28:46Z From an inspection of upper-air contour charts for 300 and 200 mb., the location of the axis of jet streams of 80 kt. or more has been assessed once daily over the two years 1957–8. Results are presented for each of the four seasons by means of isopleths of frequency (Fig. 1) and also by means of frequency-roses in areas of 5 degrees of latitude by 10 degrees of longitude (Figs. 2–5); each rose shows the number of occasions of direction of the axis from the eight compass points. The area covered extends from latitude 30° N. to 70° N., and from longitude 60° W. to 30° E. An Appendix contains some discussion of the technique of locating the axis of jet streams on contour charts. The characteristics of jet streams were described in a paper by Chambers in this Journal for July/October 1959. The present paper goes a stage further by giving the number of occurrences of jet streams per season over a two-year period in an area from the North Atlantic to the Mediterranean. The number of occurrences depends very much on the chosen definition, about which there is no general agreement. Whilst a jet stream may be fairly described as a fast-moving stream of air in the upper troposphere with great extension in the direction of the wind and persistence of the order of days, for statistical purposes it is necessary to be more precise. In this paper a critical speed of 80 kt. is required at the 300- or 200-mb. level in order that the stream shall qualify as a jet stream. Further discussion of this point is given in the Appendix, but any definition is largely subjective and it does not matter a great deal what definition is used provided the reader is aware of the limits to which the statistics refer. Article in Journal/Newspaper North Atlantic Cambridge University Press Journal of Navigation 14 4 432 445 |
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Open Polar |
collection |
Cambridge University Press |
op_collection_id |
crcambridgeupr |
language |
English |
topic |
Ocean Engineering Oceanography |
spellingShingle |
Ocean Engineering Oceanography Crossley, A. F. Distribution of Jet Streams in the North Atlantic, Europe and the Mediterranean, 1957–8 |
topic_facet |
Ocean Engineering Oceanography |
description |
From an inspection of upper-air contour charts for 300 and 200 mb., the location of the axis of jet streams of 80 kt. or more has been assessed once daily over the two years 1957–8. Results are presented for each of the four seasons by means of isopleths of frequency (Fig. 1) and also by means of frequency-roses in areas of 5 degrees of latitude by 10 degrees of longitude (Figs. 2–5); each rose shows the number of occasions of direction of the axis from the eight compass points. The area covered extends from latitude 30° N. to 70° N., and from longitude 60° W. to 30° E. An Appendix contains some discussion of the technique of locating the axis of jet streams on contour charts. The characteristics of jet streams were described in a paper by Chambers in this Journal for July/October 1959. The present paper goes a stage further by giving the number of occurrences of jet streams per season over a two-year period in an area from the North Atlantic to the Mediterranean. The number of occurrences depends very much on the chosen definition, about which there is no general agreement. Whilst a jet stream may be fairly described as a fast-moving stream of air in the upper troposphere with great extension in the direction of the wind and persistence of the order of days, for statistical purposes it is necessary to be more precise. In this paper a critical speed of 80 kt. is required at the 300- or 200-mb. level in order that the stream shall qualify as a jet stream. Further discussion of this point is given in the Appendix, but any definition is largely subjective and it does not matter a great deal what definition is used provided the reader is aware of the limits to which the statistics refer. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Crossley, A. F. |
author_facet |
Crossley, A. F. |
author_sort |
Crossley, A. F. |
title |
Distribution of Jet Streams in the North Atlantic, Europe and the Mediterranean, 1957–8 |
title_short |
Distribution of Jet Streams in the North Atlantic, Europe and the Mediterranean, 1957–8 |
title_full |
Distribution of Jet Streams in the North Atlantic, Europe and the Mediterranean, 1957–8 |
title_fullStr |
Distribution of Jet Streams in the North Atlantic, Europe and the Mediterranean, 1957–8 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Distribution of Jet Streams in the North Atlantic, Europe and the Mediterranean, 1957–8 |
title_sort |
distribution of jet streams in the north atlantic, europe and the mediterranean, 1957–8 |
publisher |
Cambridge University Press (CUP) |
publishDate |
1961 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s037346330001938x https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S037346330001938X |
genre |
North Atlantic |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic |
op_source |
Journal of Navigation volume 14, issue 4, page 432-445 ISSN 0373-4633 1469-7785 |
op_rights |
https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1017/s037346330001938x |
container_title |
Journal of Navigation |
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14 |
container_issue |
4 |
container_start_page |
432 |
op_container_end_page |
445 |
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1792503197770711040 |