Reconstruction of Tertiary Metasequoiaforests. II. Structure, biomass, and productivity of Eocene floodplain forests in the Canadian Arctic
Abundant fossil plant remains are preserved in the high-latitude middle Eocene deposits of the Buchanan Lake Formation on Axel Heiberg Island, Nunavut Territory, Canada. Intact leaf litter, logs, and stumps preserved in situ as mummified remains offer an opportunity to determine the structure, bioma...
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Language: | English |
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Cambridge University Press (CUP)
2003
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s009483730001811x https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S009483730001811X |
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crcambridgeupr:10.1017/s009483730001811x 2024-06-23T07:50:23+00:00 Reconstruction of Tertiary Metasequoiaforests. II. Structure, biomass, and productivity of Eocene floodplain forests in the Canadian Arctic Williams, Christopher J. Johnson, Arthur H. LePage, Ben A. Vann, David R. Sweda, Tatsuo 2003 http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s009483730001811x https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S009483730001811X en eng Cambridge University Press (CUP) https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms Paleobiology volume 29, issue 2, page 271-292 ISSN 0094-8373 1938-5331 journal-article 2003 crcambridgeupr https://doi.org/10.1017/s009483730001811x 2024-06-12T04:05:10Z Abundant fossil plant remains are preserved in the high-latitude middle Eocene deposits of the Buchanan Lake Formation on Axel Heiberg Island, Nunavut Territory, Canada. Intact leaf litter, logs, and stumps preserved in situ as mummified remains offer an opportunity to determine the structure, biomass, and productivity of two Taxodiaceae-dominated forests that grew north of the Arctic Circle (paleolatitude 75–80°N). We excavated fossil tree trunks and treetops to develop equations that describe the height, structure, and mass of the aboveground components of Eocene-age Metasequoia trees. We combined those data with surveys of in situ stumps to determine the structure, biomass, and productivity of two fossil forests, “N” and “HR.” We calculated a canopy height of 40 ± 3 m for the N forest and 25 m ± 2 m for the HR forest. Buried knots in dissected logs and abundant branch-free bole wood indicate that these were tall, closed-canopy forests. Stem tapers indicate that the overstory was of uniform height. Stem volume equaled 2095 m 3 ha −1 and stem biomass was 628 Mg ha −1 in the N forest. Volume and biomass in the HR forest were much smaller, 211 m 3 ha −1 and 63.3 Mg ha −1 , respectively. We estimated understory tree biomass to be 40 Mg ha −1 in the N forest and 3.5 Mg ha −1 in the HR forest. Recovery of seven fossil treetops with exposed branch stubs enabled us to make estimates of branchwood and foliar biomass using allometric equations derived from modern, plantation-grown Metasequoia glyptostroboides . Estimated stand-level branch biomass was 13 and 6.7 Mg ha −1 in the N and HR forests, respectively. Standing foliar biomass was estimated to be 3.2 and 2.1 Mg ha −1 in the N and HR forests, respectively. Using annual ring widths, the reconstructed parabolic stems, and wood density of modern Metasequoia , we calculated annual wood production to be 2.3 Mg ha −1 yr −1 for the N forest and 0.55 Mg ha −1 yr −1 for the HR forest Assuming that the ancient Metasequoia were deciduous like their living relatives, annual ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Axel Heiberg Island Nunavut Cambridge University Press Arctic Axel Heiberg Island ENVELOPE(-91.001,-91.001,79.752,79.752) Canada Heiberg ENVELOPE(13.964,13.964,66.424,66.424) Nunavut Paleobiology 29 2 271 292 |
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Open Polar |
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Cambridge University Press |
op_collection_id |
crcambridgeupr |
language |
English |
description |
Abundant fossil plant remains are preserved in the high-latitude middle Eocene deposits of the Buchanan Lake Formation on Axel Heiberg Island, Nunavut Territory, Canada. Intact leaf litter, logs, and stumps preserved in situ as mummified remains offer an opportunity to determine the structure, biomass, and productivity of two Taxodiaceae-dominated forests that grew north of the Arctic Circle (paleolatitude 75–80°N). We excavated fossil tree trunks and treetops to develop equations that describe the height, structure, and mass of the aboveground components of Eocene-age Metasequoia trees. We combined those data with surveys of in situ stumps to determine the structure, biomass, and productivity of two fossil forests, “N” and “HR.” We calculated a canopy height of 40 ± 3 m for the N forest and 25 m ± 2 m for the HR forest. Buried knots in dissected logs and abundant branch-free bole wood indicate that these were tall, closed-canopy forests. Stem tapers indicate that the overstory was of uniform height. Stem volume equaled 2095 m 3 ha −1 and stem biomass was 628 Mg ha −1 in the N forest. Volume and biomass in the HR forest were much smaller, 211 m 3 ha −1 and 63.3 Mg ha −1 , respectively. We estimated understory tree biomass to be 40 Mg ha −1 in the N forest and 3.5 Mg ha −1 in the HR forest. Recovery of seven fossil treetops with exposed branch stubs enabled us to make estimates of branchwood and foliar biomass using allometric equations derived from modern, plantation-grown Metasequoia glyptostroboides . Estimated stand-level branch biomass was 13 and 6.7 Mg ha −1 in the N and HR forests, respectively. Standing foliar biomass was estimated to be 3.2 and 2.1 Mg ha −1 in the N and HR forests, respectively. Using annual ring widths, the reconstructed parabolic stems, and wood density of modern Metasequoia , we calculated annual wood production to be 2.3 Mg ha −1 yr −1 for the N forest and 0.55 Mg ha −1 yr −1 for the HR forest Assuming that the ancient Metasequoia were deciduous like their living relatives, annual ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Williams, Christopher J. Johnson, Arthur H. LePage, Ben A. Vann, David R. Sweda, Tatsuo |
spellingShingle |
Williams, Christopher J. Johnson, Arthur H. LePage, Ben A. Vann, David R. Sweda, Tatsuo Reconstruction of Tertiary Metasequoiaforests. II. Structure, biomass, and productivity of Eocene floodplain forests in the Canadian Arctic |
author_facet |
Williams, Christopher J. Johnson, Arthur H. LePage, Ben A. Vann, David R. Sweda, Tatsuo |
author_sort |
Williams, Christopher J. |
title |
Reconstruction of Tertiary Metasequoiaforests. II. Structure, biomass, and productivity of Eocene floodplain forests in the Canadian Arctic |
title_short |
Reconstruction of Tertiary Metasequoiaforests. II. Structure, biomass, and productivity of Eocene floodplain forests in the Canadian Arctic |
title_full |
Reconstruction of Tertiary Metasequoiaforests. II. Structure, biomass, and productivity of Eocene floodplain forests in the Canadian Arctic |
title_fullStr |
Reconstruction of Tertiary Metasequoiaforests. II. Structure, biomass, and productivity of Eocene floodplain forests in the Canadian Arctic |
title_full_unstemmed |
Reconstruction of Tertiary Metasequoiaforests. II. Structure, biomass, and productivity of Eocene floodplain forests in the Canadian Arctic |
title_sort |
reconstruction of tertiary metasequoiaforests. ii. structure, biomass, and productivity of eocene floodplain forests in the canadian arctic |
publisher |
Cambridge University Press (CUP) |
publishDate |
2003 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s009483730001811x https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S009483730001811X |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-91.001,-91.001,79.752,79.752) ENVELOPE(13.964,13.964,66.424,66.424) |
geographic |
Arctic Axel Heiberg Island Canada Heiberg Nunavut |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Axel Heiberg Island Canada Heiberg Nunavut |
genre |
Arctic Axel Heiberg Island Nunavut |
genre_facet |
Arctic Axel Heiberg Island Nunavut |
op_source |
Paleobiology volume 29, issue 2, page 271-292 ISSN 0094-8373 1938-5331 |
op_rights |
https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1017/s009483730001811x |
container_title |
Paleobiology |
container_volume |
29 |
container_issue |
2 |
container_start_page |
271 |
op_container_end_page |
292 |
_version_ |
1802641266975965184 |