Australian exploration of Heard Island, 1947–1971
In 1947 knowledge of Heard Island was confined to a rough mapping compiled by nineteenth-century sealers, and the results of four scientific expeditions that had briefly investigated the Atlas Cove area. Exploration continued in two distinct periods between 1947 and 1971. In the first period the Aus...
Published in: | Polar Record |
---|---|
Main Author: | |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Cambridge University Press (CUP)
2007
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247407006080 https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0032247407006080 |
id |
crcambridgeupr:10.1017/s0032247407006080 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
crcambridgeupr:10.1017/s0032247407006080 2024-03-03T08:37:37+00:00 Australian exploration of Heard Island, 1947–1971 Budd, Grahame M. 2007 http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247407006080 https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0032247407006080 en eng Cambridge University Press (CUP) https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms Polar Record volume 43, issue 2, page 97-123 ISSN 0032-2474 1475-3057 General Earth and Planetary Sciences Ecology Geography, Planning and Development journal-article 2007 crcambridgeupr https://doi.org/10.1017/s0032247407006080 2024-02-08T08:45:24Z In 1947 knowledge of Heard Island was confined to a rough mapping compiled by nineteenth-century sealers, and the results of four scientific expeditions that had briefly investigated the Atlas Cove area. Exploration continued in two distinct periods between 1947 and 1971. In the first period the Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions (ANARE) built a scientific station at Atlas Cove in 1947, and occupied it continuously until 1955 as an ‘A Class’ meteorological station, a seismic and magnetic observatory, and a base for other scientific studies and for exploration of the island. In the second period four summer expeditions and one wintering expedition worked on the island between 1963 and 1971. The summer expeditions were an ANARE expedition in 1963, an Australian private expedition (The South Indian Ocean Expedition to Heard Island) in 1965, and ANARE expeditions in 1969 and 1971 associated with United States and French expeditions. A United States expedition wintered in 1969. There were no further expeditions until 1980. The years 1947–1971 saw many achievements. Expedition members recorded seven years of synoptic meteorological observations and four years of seismic and magnetic observations. They developed empirical techniques of work, travel, and survival that shaped the collective character of ANARE and were later applied in Antarctica. Despite difficult terrain and consistently bad weather, and the accidental deaths of two men in 1952, unsupported field parties of two or three men travelling on foot explored and mapped in detail the heavily glaciated island, and documented its topography, geology, glaciology and biology. They made three overland circuits of the island, the first ascent of Big Ben (2745 m), and the first recorded landing on the nearby McDonald Islands. Expedition members bred and trained dog teams for later use in Antarctica. They reported the commencement and subsequent progress of massive glacier retreat caused by regional warming, and of the island's colonisation by king ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica Heard Island McDonald Islands Polar Record Cambridge University Press Antarctic Heard Island Indian Heard Island ENVELOPE(73.510,73.510,-53.117,-53.117) Heard ENVELOPE(73.510,73.510,-53.117,-53.117) McDonald Islands ENVELOPE(72.600,72.600,-53.033,-53.033) Atlas Cove ENVELOPE(73.367,73.367,-53.017,-53.017) Big Ben ENVELOPE(73.525,73.525,-53.108,-53.108) Polar Record 43 2 97 123 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Cambridge University Press |
op_collection_id |
crcambridgeupr |
language |
English |
topic |
General Earth and Planetary Sciences Ecology Geography, Planning and Development |
spellingShingle |
General Earth and Planetary Sciences Ecology Geography, Planning and Development Budd, Grahame M. Australian exploration of Heard Island, 1947–1971 |
topic_facet |
General Earth and Planetary Sciences Ecology Geography, Planning and Development |
description |
In 1947 knowledge of Heard Island was confined to a rough mapping compiled by nineteenth-century sealers, and the results of four scientific expeditions that had briefly investigated the Atlas Cove area. Exploration continued in two distinct periods between 1947 and 1971. In the first period the Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions (ANARE) built a scientific station at Atlas Cove in 1947, and occupied it continuously until 1955 as an ‘A Class’ meteorological station, a seismic and magnetic observatory, and a base for other scientific studies and for exploration of the island. In the second period four summer expeditions and one wintering expedition worked on the island between 1963 and 1971. The summer expeditions were an ANARE expedition in 1963, an Australian private expedition (The South Indian Ocean Expedition to Heard Island) in 1965, and ANARE expeditions in 1969 and 1971 associated with United States and French expeditions. A United States expedition wintered in 1969. There were no further expeditions until 1980. The years 1947–1971 saw many achievements. Expedition members recorded seven years of synoptic meteorological observations and four years of seismic and magnetic observations. They developed empirical techniques of work, travel, and survival that shaped the collective character of ANARE and were later applied in Antarctica. Despite difficult terrain and consistently bad weather, and the accidental deaths of two men in 1952, unsupported field parties of two or three men travelling on foot explored and mapped in detail the heavily glaciated island, and documented its topography, geology, glaciology and biology. They made three overland circuits of the island, the first ascent of Big Ben (2745 m), and the first recorded landing on the nearby McDonald Islands. Expedition members bred and trained dog teams for later use in Antarctica. They reported the commencement and subsequent progress of massive glacier retreat caused by regional warming, and of the island's colonisation by king ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Budd, Grahame M. |
author_facet |
Budd, Grahame M. |
author_sort |
Budd, Grahame M. |
title |
Australian exploration of Heard Island, 1947–1971 |
title_short |
Australian exploration of Heard Island, 1947–1971 |
title_full |
Australian exploration of Heard Island, 1947–1971 |
title_fullStr |
Australian exploration of Heard Island, 1947–1971 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Australian exploration of Heard Island, 1947–1971 |
title_sort |
australian exploration of heard island, 1947–1971 |
publisher |
Cambridge University Press (CUP) |
publishDate |
2007 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247407006080 https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0032247407006080 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(73.510,73.510,-53.117,-53.117) ENVELOPE(73.510,73.510,-53.117,-53.117) ENVELOPE(72.600,72.600,-53.033,-53.033) ENVELOPE(73.367,73.367,-53.017,-53.017) ENVELOPE(73.525,73.525,-53.108,-53.108) |
geographic |
Antarctic Heard Island Indian Heard Island Heard McDonald Islands Atlas Cove Big Ben |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Heard Island Indian Heard Island Heard McDonald Islands Atlas Cove Big Ben |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica Heard Island McDonald Islands Polar Record |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica Heard Island McDonald Islands Polar Record |
op_source |
Polar Record volume 43, issue 2, page 97-123 ISSN 0032-2474 1475-3057 |
op_rights |
https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1017/s0032247407006080 |
container_title |
Polar Record |
container_volume |
43 |
container_issue |
2 |
container_start_page |
97 |
op_container_end_page |
123 |
_version_ |
1792500259115499520 |