Determination of usnic and perlatolic acids and identification of olivetoric acids in Northern reindeer lichen ( Cladonia stellaris) extracts
Abstract The ecologically important lichen Cladonia stellaris forms thick carpets in boreal forest floors. In addition to affecting temperature and water conditions in the soil underneath, the secondary metabolites formed by the lichen layer are of ecological interest. In this paper, we investigated...
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2010
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002428291000037x https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S002428291000037X |
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crcambridgeupr:10.1017/s002428291000037x 2024-06-23T07:56:26+00:00 Determination of usnic and perlatolic acids and identification of olivetoric acids in Northern reindeer lichen ( Cladonia stellaris) extracts SMEDS, Annika I. KYTÖVIITA, Minna-Maarit 2010 http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002428291000037x https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S002428291000037X en eng Cambridge University Press (CUP) https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms The Lichenologist volume 42, issue 6, page 739-749 ISSN 0024-2829 1096-1135 journal-article 2010 crcambridgeupr https://doi.org/10.1017/s002428291000037x 2024-06-12T04:05:09Z Abstract The ecologically important lichen Cladonia stellaris forms thick carpets in boreal forest floors. In addition to affecting temperature and water conditions in the soil underneath, the secondary metabolites formed by the lichen layer are of ecological interest. In this paper, we investigated the distribution of lichen acids in C. stellaris collected at different latitudes in Finland and developed methods to quantify the two optical enantiomers of usnic acid separately. The lichen extracts were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV and mass spectrometric (MS) detection and by gas chromatography with flame ionization (GC-FID) and MS detection. Usnic acid and perlatolic acid were quantified using GC-FID. The concentration of usnic acid in the top 20 mm of the lichen thallus ranged from 0·48–3·08% of dry weight, and that of perlatolic acid from 0·08–0·54%. The enantiomeric composition of usnic acid was determined using a chiral HPLC column coupled to an electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometer. (−)-Usnic acid was found to be the predominating enantiomer in all extracts; the proportion of (+)-usnic acid ranged from 0·4%–10·0%. Olivetoric acid methyl ester, diphenylmethanol, and 5-pentylresorcinol were identified, and several other olivetoric acid-type compounds were tentatively identified in the extracts. Article in Journal/Newspaper Reindeer lichen Cambridge University Press Fid ENVELOPE(-65.939,-65.939,-68.664,-68.664) Fid The ENVELOPE(-65.939,-65.939,-68.664,-68.664) The Lichenologist 42 6 739 749 |
institution |
Open Polar |
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Cambridge University Press |
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crcambridgeupr |
language |
English |
description |
Abstract The ecologically important lichen Cladonia stellaris forms thick carpets in boreal forest floors. In addition to affecting temperature and water conditions in the soil underneath, the secondary metabolites formed by the lichen layer are of ecological interest. In this paper, we investigated the distribution of lichen acids in C. stellaris collected at different latitudes in Finland and developed methods to quantify the two optical enantiomers of usnic acid separately. The lichen extracts were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV and mass spectrometric (MS) detection and by gas chromatography with flame ionization (GC-FID) and MS detection. Usnic acid and perlatolic acid were quantified using GC-FID. The concentration of usnic acid in the top 20 mm of the lichen thallus ranged from 0·48–3·08% of dry weight, and that of perlatolic acid from 0·08–0·54%. The enantiomeric composition of usnic acid was determined using a chiral HPLC column coupled to an electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometer. (−)-Usnic acid was found to be the predominating enantiomer in all extracts; the proportion of (+)-usnic acid ranged from 0·4%–10·0%. Olivetoric acid methyl ester, diphenylmethanol, and 5-pentylresorcinol were identified, and several other olivetoric acid-type compounds were tentatively identified in the extracts. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
SMEDS, Annika I. KYTÖVIITA, Minna-Maarit |
spellingShingle |
SMEDS, Annika I. KYTÖVIITA, Minna-Maarit Determination of usnic and perlatolic acids and identification of olivetoric acids in Northern reindeer lichen ( Cladonia stellaris) extracts |
author_facet |
SMEDS, Annika I. KYTÖVIITA, Minna-Maarit |
author_sort |
SMEDS, Annika I. |
title |
Determination of usnic and perlatolic acids and identification of olivetoric acids in Northern reindeer lichen ( Cladonia stellaris) extracts |
title_short |
Determination of usnic and perlatolic acids and identification of olivetoric acids in Northern reindeer lichen ( Cladonia stellaris) extracts |
title_full |
Determination of usnic and perlatolic acids and identification of olivetoric acids in Northern reindeer lichen ( Cladonia stellaris) extracts |
title_fullStr |
Determination of usnic and perlatolic acids and identification of olivetoric acids in Northern reindeer lichen ( Cladonia stellaris) extracts |
title_full_unstemmed |
Determination of usnic and perlatolic acids and identification of olivetoric acids in Northern reindeer lichen ( Cladonia stellaris) extracts |
title_sort |
determination of usnic and perlatolic acids and identification of olivetoric acids in northern reindeer lichen ( cladonia stellaris) extracts |
publisher |
Cambridge University Press (CUP) |
publishDate |
2010 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002428291000037x https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S002428291000037X |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-65.939,-65.939,-68.664,-68.664) ENVELOPE(-65.939,-65.939,-68.664,-68.664) |
geographic |
Fid Fid The |
geographic_facet |
Fid Fid The |
genre |
Reindeer lichen |
genre_facet |
Reindeer lichen |
op_source |
The Lichenologist volume 42, issue 6, page 739-749 ISSN 0024-2829 1096-1135 |
op_rights |
https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1017/s002428291000037x |
container_title |
The Lichenologist |
container_volume |
42 |
container_issue |
6 |
container_start_page |
739 |
op_container_end_page |
749 |
_version_ |
1802649503641108480 |