Electrical Conductivity and Relaxation in Ice Crystals with Known Impurity Content
Abstract Three-terminal dielectric bridge measurements (in the range 20 Hz to 100 kHz between — 5 ° C and —90 to — 120 ° C) have been made of ice doped with (a) conductivity-enhancing ionic impurities (HCl, HF, NaCl, KF, NH 4 F) and (b) conductivity-depressing solutes (NH 4 OH, NH 4 Cl, NH 5 CO 3 ,...
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Cambridge University Press (CUP)
1978
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crcambridgeupr:10.1017/s0022143000033372 2024-03-03T08:46:01+00:00 Electrical Conductivity and Relaxation in Ice Crystals with Known Impurity Content Gross, Gerardo Wolfgang Hayslip, Iris Cox Hoy, Roberta N. 1978 http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022143000033372 https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0022143000033372 en eng Cambridge University Press (CUP) Journal of Glaciology volume 21, issue 85, page 143-160 ISSN 0022-1430 1727-5652 Earth-Surface Processes journal-article 1978 crcambridgeupr https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022143000033372 2024-02-08T08:36:10Z Abstract Three-terminal dielectric bridge measurements (in the range 20 Hz to 100 kHz between — 5 ° C and —90 to — 120 ° C) have been made of ice doped with (a) conductivity-enhancing ionic impurities (HCl, HF, NaCl, KF, NH 4 F) and (b) conductivity-depressing solutes (NH 4 OH, NH 4 Cl, NH 5 CO 3 , NaHCO 3 ). Blocking electrodes were used for the first group. The true ice parameters were extracted from linearized plots of the Debye equations. Chlorides and fluorides showed very similar characteristics in their spectra and static conductivity. The results suggest that static conductivity is controlled by extrinsic protons. On the other hand, bases, or solutes that impart a positive freezing potential to the ice, suppress extrinsic protons. In this case, the static conductivity was not, or only weakly, temperature dependent and lower than in the first group. A conductivity cross-over was observed in neither case. The dielectric conductivity contribution is strongly dependent on impurity concentration but apparently less affected than the static conductivity by the nature of the solute. The principal relaxation time is reduced by most solutes, exceptions are pure (bicarbonate-free) bases, sodium bicarbonate, and carbon dioxide. Article in Journal/Newspaper Journal of Glaciology Cambridge University Press Journal of Glaciology 21 85 143 160 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Cambridge University Press |
op_collection_id |
crcambridgeupr |
language |
English |
topic |
Earth-Surface Processes |
spellingShingle |
Earth-Surface Processes Gross, Gerardo Wolfgang Hayslip, Iris Cox Hoy, Roberta N. Electrical Conductivity and Relaxation in Ice Crystals with Known Impurity Content |
topic_facet |
Earth-Surface Processes |
description |
Abstract Three-terminal dielectric bridge measurements (in the range 20 Hz to 100 kHz between — 5 ° C and —90 to — 120 ° C) have been made of ice doped with (a) conductivity-enhancing ionic impurities (HCl, HF, NaCl, KF, NH 4 F) and (b) conductivity-depressing solutes (NH 4 OH, NH 4 Cl, NH 5 CO 3 , NaHCO 3 ). Blocking electrodes were used for the first group. The true ice parameters were extracted from linearized plots of the Debye equations. Chlorides and fluorides showed very similar characteristics in their spectra and static conductivity. The results suggest that static conductivity is controlled by extrinsic protons. On the other hand, bases, or solutes that impart a positive freezing potential to the ice, suppress extrinsic protons. In this case, the static conductivity was not, or only weakly, temperature dependent and lower than in the first group. A conductivity cross-over was observed in neither case. The dielectric conductivity contribution is strongly dependent on impurity concentration but apparently less affected than the static conductivity by the nature of the solute. The principal relaxation time is reduced by most solutes, exceptions are pure (bicarbonate-free) bases, sodium bicarbonate, and carbon dioxide. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Gross, Gerardo Wolfgang Hayslip, Iris Cox Hoy, Roberta N. |
author_facet |
Gross, Gerardo Wolfgang Hayslip, Iris Cox Hoy, Roberta N. |
author_sort |
Gross, Gerardo Wolfgang |
title |
Electrical Conductivity and Relaxation in Ice Crystals with Known Impurity Content |
title_short |
Electrical Conductivity and Relaxation in Ice Crystals with Known Impurity Content |
title_full |
Electrical Conductivity and Relaxation in Ice Crystals with Known Impurity Content |
title_fullStr |
Electrical Conductivity and Relaxation in Ice Crystals with Known Impurity Content |
title_full_unstemmed |
Electrical Conductivity and Relaxation in Ice Crystals with Known Impurity Content |
title_sort |
electrical conductivity and relaxation in ice crystals with known impurity content |
publisher |
Cambridge University Press (CUP) |
publishDate |
1978 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022143000033372 https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0022143000033372 |
genre |
Journal of Glaciology |
genre_facet |
Journal of Glaciology |
op_source |
Journal of Glaciology volume 21, issue 85, page 143-160 ISSN 0022-1430 1727-5652 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022143000033372 |
container_title |
Journal of Glaciology |
container_volume |
21 |
container_issue |
85 |
container_start_page |
143 |
op_container_end_page |
160 |
_version_ |
1792501816391368704 |