Thermal Consequences of the Pressure Fluctuations in Intra- and Subglacial Water Drainage Channels

• Published in: Journal of Glaciology
• Main Author: Röthlisberger, H.
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Cambridge University Press (CUP) 1976
• Subjects: Earth-Surface Processes; Journal of Glaciology
• Online Access: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022143000031750; https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0022143000031750

Abstract Recent measurements of the water level (pressure head) in drill holes and natural moulins on two glacier tongues in Switzerland (Oberaletschgletscher and Gornergletscher) have confirmed that in those holes which link up to a well developed subglacial drainage system the daily piezometric fluctuations are in the order of 100 m (10 bar) and more. From the fact that it is relatively easy to establish such links (in our experiments at ice depths between 150 and 300 m), it is implied that an extended network of subglacial channels and cavities will be subjected to equally large pressure fluctuations with a mean water pressure considerably below the mean ice pressure at the bed. The scope of the present paper is to discuss some of the thermal effects of the low water pressure and its fluctuations. The effect in the ice—assuming temperate ice with a certain water content—is a positive temperature anomaly around the channel, in accordance with the stress field. The radial temperature profile in the ice around a conduit with a circular cross-section follow's directly from the solution for the stress field, and the heat flux can be deduced, allowing for the ice flow towards the conduit. Pressure changes in the conduit cause a rapid change of temperature (with an associated change in water content) and a related change in heat and ice flow. In the case of a channel or cavity at the glacier bed, the temperature fluctuation produced in the channel and the surrounding ice propagates into the substratum. With rising water pressure, i.e. falling temperature, the substratum becomes a heat source and some melting will occur at the ice/rock interface in a fringe zone around channels and cavities. It is this process which may help to explain the increased sliding component of glacier motion at the time of high melt-water run-off. Another intriguing question is what happens in a highly permeable substratum (shattered rock, moraine) at some distance away from a channel. The temperature profile is determined by the pressure ...