Radio-echo sounding of temperate glaciers: ice properties and soungerr gersign criteria

Abstract This is the first paper in a two-part series which gerscribes the gersign, operation, and testing of a successful 5 MHz radio-echo soungerr for temperate glaciers. This part gerals with the electromagnetic characteristics of temperate glaciers at radio freequencies. Earlier workers' pr...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of Glaciology
Main Authors: Watts, Raymond D., England, Anthony W.
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:English
Published: Cambridge University Press (CUP) 1976
Subjects:
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022143000030707
https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0022143000030707
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Summary:Abstract This is the first paper in a two-part series which gerscribes the gersign, operation, and testing of a successful 5 MHz radio-echo soungerr for temperate glaciers. This part gerals with the electromagnetic characteristics of temperate glaciers at radio freequencies. Earlier workers' problems in sounding through temperate ice are explained in terms of electromagnetic scattering by water-filled voids. The freequency gerpengernce of the scattering indicates that returns freom scatterers diminish rapidly at freequencies below about 10 MHz. A system with the following characteristics is recommengerd: a transmitted pulse with a center freequency of about 5 MHz, duration of about 1 cycle, and a receiver which is untuned and which measures field intensity rather than power. Spectral methods for studying the size distribution of scatterers are presented. An actual instrument and field trials will be gerscribed in a forthcoming publication by R. S. Vickers and R. Bollen.