Experiments on the Heaving Force of Freezing Soil
Abstract Frost heaving of soil is accompanied by a force which often causes severe damage to structures. It was suggested by Everett that this so-called “heaving force" can be attributed to the coexistence of ice and water in micropores among soil particles which characterize the soil type and...
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Cambridge University Press (CUP)
1977
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022143000029622 https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0022143000029622 |
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crcambridgeupr:10.1017/s0022143000029622 2024-05-19T07:43:13+00:00 Experiments on the Heaving Force of Freezing Soil Kinosita, Seiiti 1977 http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022143000029622 https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0022143000029622 en eng Cambridge University Press (CUP) Journal of Glaciology volume 19, issue 81, page 674-675 ISSN 0022-1430 1727-5652 journal-article 1977 crcambridgeupr https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022143000029622 2024-05-02T06:50:46Z Abstract Frost heaving of soil is accompanied by a force which often causes severe damage to structures. It was suggested by Everett that this so-called “heaving force" can be attributed to the coexistence of ice and water in micropores among soil particles which characterize the soil type and can be computed thermodynamically. However, the actual heaving force changes in a complicated manner depending on various factors including freezing speed, constraining condition for a soil block, and, of course, soil type. Measurements of heaving force were carried out on various soil samples (sand, sandy loam, sandy clay loam, and two kinds of clays) under various freezing conditions: freezing speed in a range from 0.10 cm/h to 0.35 cm/h, presence or absence of water supply, complete or loose axial constraint applied to a soil block. In each experiment, soil was packed in a cylindrical container with a diameter of 11 cm and a height of 10 cm. A disk was placed on top of the soil contained in the container to constrain the sample either rigidly (a complete axial constraint) or less rigidly through a spring (a loose axial constraint). Main results of the measurements were as follows: (1) Under complete axial constraint, the heaving force decreased with decrease in the freezing speed and with the increase in the size of soil particles (from 6 bars to 1 bar for clay; from 4 bars to 1 bar for sandy clay loam; from 4 bars to 0.8 bar for sandy loam; from 1.5 bars to 0.6 bar for sand). (2) Without the constraint, the heave amount was almost independent of the freezing speed when there was no water supply (8 mm for clay; 6.5 mm for sandy clay loam; 3.5 mm for sandy loam; 1 mm for sand). (3) The heaving force decreased very rapidly with the loosening of the axial constraint by weakening the spring. The results indicate that it is practical to treat the heaving force phenomenologically as a kind of resistive force exerted by freezing soil on a container holding the soil. Because of a volumetric increase due to the transformation of ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Journal of Glaciology Cambridge University Press Journal of Glaciology 19 81 674 675 |
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English |
description |
Abstract Frost heaving of soil is accompanied by a force which often causes severe damage to structures. It was suggested by Everett that this so-called “heaving force" can be attributed to the coexistence of ice and water in micropores among soil particles which characterize the soil type and can be computed thermodynamically. However, the actual heaving force changes in a complicated manner depending on various factors including freezing speed, constraining condition for a soil block, and, of course, soil type. Measurements of heaving force were carried out on various soil samples (sand, sandy loam, sandy clay loam, and two kinds of clays) under various freezing conditions: freezing speed in a range from 0.10 cm/h to 0.35 cm/h, presence or absence of water supply, complete or loose axial constraint applied to a soil block. In each experiment, soil was packed in a cylindrical container with a diameter of 11 cm and a height of 10 cm. A disk was placed on top of the soil contained in the container to constrain the sample either rigidly (a complete axial constraint) or less rigidly through a spring (a loose axial constraint). Main results of the measurements were as follows: (1) Under complete axial constraint, the heaving force decreased with decrease in the freezing speed and with the increase in the size of soil particles (from 6 bars to 1 bar for clay; from 4 bars to 1 bar for sandy clay loam; from 4 bars to 0.8 bar for sandy loam; from 1.5 bars to 0.6 bar for sand). (2) Without the constraint, the heave amount was almost independent of the freezing speed when there was no water supply (8 mm for clay; 6.5 mm for sandy clay loam; 3.5 mm for sandy loam; 1 mm for sand). (3) The heaving force decreased very rapidly with the loosening of the axial constraint by weakening the spring. The results indicate that it is practical to treat the heaving force phenomenologically as a kind of resistive force exerted by freezing soil on a container holding the soil. Because of a volumetric increase due to the transformation of ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Kinosita, Seiiti |
spellingShingle |
Kinosita, Seiiti Experiments on the Heaving Force of Freezing Soil |
author_facet |
Kinosita, Seiiti |
author_sort |
Kinosita, Seiiti |
title |
Experiments on the Heaving Force of Freezing Soil |
title_short |
Experiments on the Heaving Force of Freezing Soil |
title_full |
Experiments on the Heaving Force of Freezing Soil |
title_fullStr |
Experiments on the Heaving Force of Freezing Soil |
title_full_unstemmed |
Experiments on the Heaving Force of Freezing Soil |
title_sort |
experiments on the heaving force of freezing soil |
publisher |
Cambridge University Press (CUP) |
publishDate |
1977 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022143000029622 https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0022143000029622 |
genre |
Journal of Glaciology |
genre_facet |
Journal of Glaciology |
op_source |
Journal of Glaciology volume 19, issue 81, page 674-675 ISSN 0022-1430 1727-5652 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022143000029622 |
container_title |
Journal of Glaciology |
container_volume |
19 |
container_issue |
81 |
container_start_page |
674 |
op_container_end_page |
675 |
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1799482937622659072 |