Breakage of Ice Sheets by Underwater Explosions
Abstract We have attempted to develop a theoretical understanding of the field experience on the destruction of floating ice sheets by explosives, by performing small-scale laboratory explosions and developing a theory based on the elastic plate. Glass spheres 4.5 × 10 ¯2 m in diameter and c. 4 × 10...
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Language: | English |
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Cambridge University Press (CUP)
1977
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022143000029518 https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0022143000029518 |
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crcambridgeupr:10.1017/s0022143000029518 2024-03-03T08:45:28+00:00 Breakage of Ice Sheets by Underwater Explosions Vittoratos, E. Charles, M. E. 1977 http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022143000029518 https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0022143000029518 en eng Cambridge University Press (CUP) Journal of Glaciology volume 19, issue 81, page 661-663 ISSN 0022-1430 1727-5652 Earth-Surface Processes journal-article 1977 crcambridgeupr https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022143000029518 2024-02-08T08:34:04Z Abstract We have attempted to develop a theoretical understanding of the field experience on the destruction of floating ice sheets by explosives, by performing small-scale laboratory explosions and developing a theory based on the elastic plate. Glass spheres 4.5 × 10 ¯2 m in diameter and c. 4 × 10 ¯4 m thick were immersed in water underneath a floating ice sheet c . 2 × 10 ¯2 m in thickness. The air pressure was raised till the sphere burst at pressures around 15 atmospheres. A high-speed camera (up to several thousand frames per second) recorded the details of the explosion: the growth of the gas bubble and the corresponding deformation and failure of the ice. We observed radial and circumferential cracks develop within 2 ms of the bursting of the sphere. As a first step in the theoretical development, we have considered the response of an infinite elastic plate to impulsive pressure loading due to an underwater explosion. We have assumed potential, incompressible flow which is a valid approximation for the case of the above experiments and the analogous compressed-gas blasting in the field (Mellor and Kovacs, 1972). However the effects caused by the intense shock wave that is radiated by the detonation of a high explosive are thus not considered. We relate the maxima in the tensile stress with the crack pattern and the eventual damage, and have achieved qualitative agreement with the laboratory observations. The model does reproduce and clarify some aspects of the field data, in particular the role of the thickness (Mellor, unpublished); but it fails to relate the crater diameter to the weight of the explosive. It appears that at optimum blasting conditions with high explosives an incompressible-fluid, classical-plate-theory approach is inadequate. Article in Journal/Newspaper Ice Sheet Journal of Glaciology Cambridge University Press Mellor ENVELOPE(-114.944,-114.944,60.714,60.714) Journal of Glaciology 19 81 661 663 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Cambridge University Press |
op_collection_id |
crcambridgeupr |
language |
English |
topic |
Earth-Surface Processes |
spellingShingle |
Earth-Surface Processes Vittoratos, E. Charles, M. E. Breakage of Ice Sheets by Underwater Explosions |
topic_facet |
Earth-Surface Processes |
description |
Abstract We have attempted to develop a theoretical understanding of the field experience on the destruction of floating ice sheets by explosives, by performing small-scale laboratory explosions and developing a theory based on the elastic plate. Glass spheres 4.5 × 10 ¯2 m in diameter and c. 4 × 10 ¯4 m thick were immersed in water underneath a floating ice sheet c . 2 × 10 ¯2 m in thickness. The air pressure was raised till the sphere burst at pressures around 15 atmospheres. A high-speed camera (up to several thousand frames per second) recorded the details of the explosion: the growth of the gas bubble and the corresponding deformation and failure of the ice. We observed radial and circumferential cracks develop within 2 ms of the bursting of the sphere. As a first step in the theoretical development, we have considered the response of an infinite elastic plate to impulsive pressure loading due to an underwater explosion. We have assumed potential, incompressible flow which is a valid approximation for the case of the above experiments and the analogous compressed-gas blasting in the field (Mellor and Kovacs, 1972). However the effects caused by the intense shock wave that is radiated by the detonation of a high explosive are thus not considered. We relate the maxima in the tensile stress with the crack pattern and the eventual damage, and have achieved qualitative agreement with the laboratory observations. The model does reproduce and clarify some aspects of the field data, in particular the role of the thickness (Mellor, unpublished); but it fails to relate the crater diameter to the weight of the explosive. It appears that at optimum blasting conditions with high explosives an incompressible-fluid, classical-plate-theory approach is inadequate. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Vittoratos, E. Charles, M. E. |
author_facet |
Vittoratos, E. Charles, M. E. |
author_sort |
Vittoratos, E. |
title |
Breakage of Ice Sheets by Underwater Explosions |
title_short |
Breakage of Ice Sheets by Underwater Explosions |
title_full |
Breakage of Ice Sheets by Underwater Explosions |
title_fullStr |
Breakage of Ice Sheets by Underwater Explosions |
title_full_unstemmed |
Breakage of Ice Sheets by Underwater Explosions |
title_sort |
breakage of ice sheets by underwater explosions |
publisher |
Cambridge University Press (CUP) |
publishDate |
1977 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022143000029518 https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0022143000029518 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-114.944,-114.944,60.714,60.714) |
geographic |
Mellor |
geographic_facet |
Mellor |
genre |
Ice Sheet Journal of Glaciology |
genre_facet |
Ice Sheet Journal of Glaciology |
op_source |
Journal of Glaciology volume 19, issue 81, page 661-663 ISSN 0022-1430 1727-5652 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022143000029518 |
container_title |
Journal of Glaciology |
container_volume |
19 |
container_issue |
81 |
container_start_page |
661 |
op_container_end_page |
663 |
_version_ |
1792501026577711104 |