BEPERS pilot study: an experiment with X-band synthetic aperture radar over Baltic Sea ice
Abstract Remote-sensing methods are the primary ones used for ice mapping in the Baltic Sea. A major methodological improvement is now being introduced by satellite radars due to their weather independency and high resolution. To learn how to use ERS-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data, an extensi...
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Cambridge University Press (CUP)
1992
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022143000009564 https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0022143000009564 |
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crcambridgeupr:10.1017/s0022143000009564 2024-03-03T08:45:58+00:00 BEPERS pilot study: an experiment with X-band synthetic aperture radar over Baltic Sea ice Leppäranta, Matti Kuittinen, Rlsto Askne, Jan 1992 http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022143000009564 https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0022143000009564 en eng Cambridge University Press (CUP) Journal of Glaciology volume 38, issue 128, page 23-35 ISSN 0022-1430 1727-5652 Earth-Surface Processes journal-article 1992 crcambridgeupr https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022143000009564 2024-02-08T08:38:15Z Abstract Remote-sensing methods are the primary ones used for ice mapping in the Baltic Sea. A major methodological improvement is now being introduced by satellite radars due to their weather independency and high resolution. To learn how to use ERS-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data, an extensive field programme BEPERS (Bothnian Experiment in Preparation for ERS-1) with airborne SARs has been arranged. The BEPERS pilot study was undertaken in 1987 using the French VARAN-S X-band SAR. The SAR was flown on 1 day over four study areas of size approximately 10 km x 50 km, and intensive validation observations were made. The data were most useful for the education they provided on how to work with SAR in sea-ice mapping. They have been used for developing SAR image-analysis methods, back-scatter modelling investigations and geophysical validation of SAR imagery. Cleaning-up of images consisted of speckle reduction and segmentation. Back-scatter characteristics of undeformed ice and ridges were examined. Ice-type classification was based on the box-classification method. Eight ice types were defined but basically only two types, undeformed ice/open water and deformed ice, could be discriminated. Two basic problems of high practical importance remained: how to discriminate between (1) open water and undeformed ice, and (2) ridged ice and brash ice. The data further showed illustrative examples of SAR imagery over sea ice. Article in Journal/Newspaper Journal of Glaciology Sea ice Cambridge University Press Varan ENVELOPE(16.277,16.277,68.740,68.740) Journal of Glaciology 38 128 23 35 |
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Open Polar |
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Cambridge University Press |
op_collection_id |
crcambridgeupr |
language |
English |
topic |
Earth-Surface Processes |
spellingShingle |
Earth-Surface Processes Leppäranta, Matti Kuittinen, Rlsto Askne, Jan BEPERS pilot study: an experiment with X-band synthetic aperture radar over Baltic Sea ice |
topic_facet |
Earth-Surface Processes |
description |
Abstract Remote-sensing methods are the primary ones used for ice mapping in the Baltic Sea. A major methodological improvement is now being introduced by satellite radars due to their weather independency and high resolution. To learn how to use ERS-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data, an extensive field programme BEPERS (Bothnian Experiment in Preparation for ERS-1) with airborne SARs has been arranged. The BEPERS pilot study was undertaken in 1987 using the French VARAN-S X-band SAR. The SAR was flown on 1 day over four study areas of size approximately 10 km x 50 km, and intensive validation observations were made. The data were most useful for the education they provided on how to work with SAR in sea-ice mapping. They have been used for developing SAR image-analysis methods, back-scatter modelling investigations and geophysical validation of SAR imagery. Cleaning-up of images consisted of speckle reduction and segmentation. Back-scatter characteristics of undeformed ice and ridges were examined. Ice-type classification was based on the box-classification method. Eight ice types were defined but basically only two types, undeformed ice/open water and deformed ice, could be discriminated. Two basic problems of high practical importance remained: how to discriminate between (1) open water and undeformed ice, and (2) ridged ice and brash ice. The data further showed illustrative examples of SAR imagery over sea ice. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Leppäranta, Matti Kuittinen, Rlsto Askne, Jan |
author_facet |
Leppäranta, Matti Kuittinen, Rlsto Askne, Jan |
author_sort |
Leppäranta, Matti |
title |
BEPERS pilot study: an experiment with X-band synthetic aperture radar over Baltic Sea ice |
title_short |
BEPERS pilot study: an experiment with X-band synthetic aperture radar over Baltic Sea ice |
title_full |
BEPERS pilot study: an experiment with X-band synthetic aperture radar over Baltic Sea ice |
title_fullStr |
BEPERS pilot study: an experiment with X-band synthetic aperture radar over Baltic Sea ice |
title_full_unstemmed |
BEPERS pilot study: an experiment with X-band synthetic aperture radar over Baltic Sea ice |
title_sort |
bepers pilot study: an experiment with x-band synthetic aperture radar over baltic sea ice |
publisher |
Cambridge University Press (CUP) |
publishDate |
1992 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022143000009564 https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0022143000009564 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(16.277,16.277,68.740,68.740) |
geographic |
Varan |
geographic_facet |
Varan |
genre |
Journal of Glaciology Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Journal of Glaciology Sea ice |
op_source |
Journal of Glaciology volume 38, issue 128, page 23-35 ISSN 0022-1430 1727-5652 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022143000009564 |
container_title |
Journal of Glaciology |
container_volume |
38 |
container_issue |
128 |
container_start_page |
23 |
op_container_end_page |
35 |
_version_ |
1792501721866436608 |