Evolution of a Surge-Type Glacier in its Quiescent Phase: Kongsvegen, Spitsbergen, 1964–95

• Published in: Journal of Glaciology
• Main Authors: Melvold, Kjetil, Ove Hagen, Jon
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Cambridge University Press (CUP) 1998
• Subjects: Earth-Surface Processes; Svalbard; Ela; Kongsvegen; glacier; glaciers; Journal of Glaciology; Alaska; Spitsbergen
• Online Access: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022143000002720; https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0022143000002720

Abstract Kongsvegen is a 102 km 2 sub-polar (polythermal) surge-type glacier in northwest Spitsbergen, Svalbard. It surged just before 1948 and is currently in its quiescent phase. Measurements of surface geometry since 1966 show a retreat of the front and strong thinning of up to 75 m in the ablation area, and a build-up of up to 32 m in the accumulation area. Present-day annual velocities along the glacier are low, from 1.4 up to 3.6 m a -1 . The measured mean net balance for the period 1987-94 and the balance reconstructed back to 1967 show a weak positive balance of about 0.1 m w.e. The measured actual ice flux is low and the mass transfer down-glacier at the ELA is only about 3-20% of that required for steady state. Thus, the glacier is building up towards a new surge. The total thickening rate on Kongsvegen is somewhat higher than in other cases from Svalbard, but it is small compared with other well-studied surge-type glaciers in Alaska and the Pamirs. This relatively low rate of change is a function of the low accumulation rate and the relatively cold climate compared to other areas and is common for surge-type glaciers in Svalbard.