Upper Katian (Ordovician) bentonites in the East Baltic, Scandinavia and Scotland: geochemical correlation and volcanic source interpretation
Abstract Altered volcanic ash interbeds (bentonites) in the upper Katian of Baltoscandia indicate significant volcanic activity in neighbouring tectonically active areas. Katian bentonites in the East Baltic can be reliably correlated using sanidine phenocryst composition. Ratios of immobile trace e...
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2014
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001675681400051x https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S001675681400051X |
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crcambridgeupr:10.1017/s001675681400051x 2024-09-15T18:10:51+00:00 Upper Katian (Ordovician) bentonites in the East Baltic, Scandinavia and Scotland: geochemical correlation and volcanic source interpretation KIIPLI, TARMO DAHLQVIST, PETER KALLASTE, TOIVO KIIPLI, ENLI NÕLVAK, JAAK 2014 http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001675681400051x https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S001675681400051X en eng Cambridge University Press (CUP) https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms Geological Magazine volume 152, issue 4, page 589-602 ISSN 0016-7568 1469-5081 journal-article 2014 crcambridgeupr https://doi.org/10.1017/s001675681400051x 2024-07-31T04:04:00Z Abstract Altered volcanic ash interbeds (bentonites) in the upper Katian of Baltoscandia indicate significant volcanic activity in neighbouring tectonically active areas. Katian bentonites in the East Baltic can be reliably correlated using sanidine phenocryst composition. Ratios of immobile trace elements TiO 2 , Nb, Zr and Th to Al 2 O 3 enable extension of the correlations to Scandinavia, where late diagenetic alterations could have caused recrystallization of sanidine phenocrysts. At least seven volcanic eruptions were recognized in Baltoscandian sections. Several bentonites found in deep-sea sediments are absent in shallow-sea sediments, indicating extensive breaks in sedimentation and erosion during late Katian and Hirnantian times. The areal distribution pattern of Katian bentonites in Baltoscandia indicates a volcanic source from the north or northwest (present-day orientation) from the margins of the Iapetus Palaeo-Ocean. Signatures of ultra-high-pressure metamorphism in the Seve Nappe (Central Sweden) and intrusions in the Helgeland Nappe Complex in Central Norway have been proposed as potential sources of the magmas that generated the volcanic ashes deposited in the East Baltic in Katian times. Geochemical similarities between Baltoscandian and Dob's Linn bentonites from southern Scotland suggest a common volcanic source in Katian times. Article in Journal/Newspaper Helgeland Cambridge University Press Geological Magazine 152 4 589 602 |
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Cambridge University Press |
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English |
description |
Abstract Altered volcanic ash interbeds (bentonites) in the upper Katian of Baltoscandia indicate significant volcanic activity in neighbouring tectonically active areas. Katian bentonites in the East Baltic can be reliably correlated using sanidine phenocryst composition. Ratios of immobile trace elements TiO 2 , Nb, Zr and Th to Al 2 O 3 enable extension of the correlations to Scandinavia, where late diagenetic alterations could have caused recrystallization of sanidine phenocrysts. At least seven volcanic eruptions were recognized in Baltoscandian sections. Several bentonites found in deep-sea sediments are absent in shallow-sea sediments, indicating extensive breaks in sedimentation and erosion during late Katian and Hirnantian times. The areal distribution pattern of Katian bentonites in Baltoscandia indicates a volcanic source from the north or northwest (present-day orientation) from the margins of the Iapetus Palaeo-Ocean. Signatures of ultra-high-pressure metamorphism in the Seve Nappe (Central Sweden) and intrusions in the Helgeland Nappe Complex in Central Norway have been proposed as potential sources of the magmas that generated the volcanic ashes deposited in the East Baltic in Katian times. Geochemical similarities between Baltoscandian and Dob's Linn bentonites from southern Scotland suggest a common volcanic source in Katian times. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
KIIPLI, TARMO DAHLQVIST, PETER KALLASTE, TOIVO KIIPLI, ENLI NÕLVAK, JAAK |
spellingShingle |
KIIPLI, TARMO DAHLQVIST, PETER KALLASTE, TOIVO KIIPLI, ENLI NÕLVAK, JAAK Upper Katian (Ordovician) bentonites in the East Baltic, Scandinavia and Scotland: geochemical correlation and volcanic source interpretation |
author_facet |
KIIPLI, TARMO DAHLQVIST, PETER KALLASTE, TOIVO KIIPLI, ENLI NÕLVAK, JAAK |
author_sort |
KIIPLI, TARMO |
title |
Upper Katian (Ordovician) bentonites in the East Baltic, Scandinavia and Scotland: geochemical correlation and volcanic source interpretation |
title_short |
Upper Katian (Ordovician) bentonites in the East Baltic, Scandinavia and Scotland: geochemical correlation and volcanic source interpretation |
title_full |
Upper Katian (Ordovician) bentonites in the East Baltic, Scandinavia and Scotland: geochemical correlation and volcanic source interpretation |
title_fullStr |
Upper Katian (Ordovician) bentonites in the East Baltic, Scandinavia and Scotland: geochemical correlation and volcanic source interpretation |
title_full_unstemmed |
Upper Katian (Ordovician) bentonites in the East Baltic, Scandinavia and Scotland: geochemical correlation and volcanic source interpretation |
title_sort |
upper katian (ordovician) bentonites in the east baltic, scandinavia and scotland: geochemical correlation and volcanic source interpretation |
publisher |
Cambridge University Press (CUP) |
publishDate |
2014 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001675681400051x https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S001675681400051X |
genre |
Helgeland |
genre_facet |
Helgeland |
op_source |
Geological Magazine volume 152, issue 4, page 589-602 ISSN 0016-7568 1469-5081 |
op_rights |
https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1017/s001675681400051x |
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152 |
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