First record of the Hirnantian (Upper Ordovician) δ 13 C excursion in the North American Midcontinent and its regional implications

• Published in: Geological Magazine
• Main Authors: BERGSTRÖM, STIG M., SALTZMAN, MATTHEW M., SCHMITZ, BIRGER
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Cambridge University Press (CUP) 2006
• Subjects: Geology; Arctic; Canada; Argentina
• Online Access: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756806002469; https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0016756806002469

The most prominent of the two major global δ 13 C excursions in the Ordovician, the Hirnantian δ 13 C excursion (HICE), which is previously recorded from the uppermost Ordovician in a few sections in Nevada, Quebec, Arctic Canada, Baltoscandia, Scotland and China, is documented for the first time from the North American Midcontinent. Samples through the Girardeau Limestone and Leemon Formation in Missouri and Illinois show elevated δ 13 C values of +4‰ to +5‰. Although not determined precisely, the beginning of the HICE is likely to be in the upper part of the Orchard Creek Shale, and it ends in the upper Leemon Formation. Being extraordinarily useful chronostratigraphically, the presence of the HICE makes it possible to provide a firm dating of the study interval, whose age has long been controversial. Comparison between the study sections and coeval HICE sequences in North America and Europe show striking similarities, especially in sea-level history, indicating that major local lowstands reflect eustatic sea-level changes. A comparison with Hirnantian diamictite successions in North and South Africa and Argentina suggests that these lowstands correspond to two major Gondwanan glacial episodes.