Requirements ofn-3 very long-chain PUFA in Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L): effects of different dietary levels of EPA and DHA on fish performance and tissue composition and integrity
Abstract Farmed salmon feeds have changed from purely marine-based diets with high levels of EPA and DHA in the 1990s to the current 70 % plant-based diets with low levels of these fatty acids (FA). The aim of this study was to establish the impacts of low dietary EPA and DHA levels on performance a...
Published in: | British Journal of Nutrition |
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2017
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114516004396 https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0007114516004396 |
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crcambridgeupr:10.1017/s0007114516004396 2024-06-23T07:51:17+00:00 Requirements ofn-3 very long-chain PUFA in Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L): effects of different dietary levels of EPA and DHA on fish performance and tissue composition and integrity Bou, Marta Berge, Gerd M. Baeverfjord, Grete Sigholt, Trygve Østbye, Tone-Kari Romarheim, Odd Helge Hatlen, Bjarne Leeuwis, Robin Venegas, Claudia Ruyter, Bente 2017 http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114516004396 https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0007114516004396 en eng Cambridge University Press (CUP) https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms British Journal of Nutrition volume 117, issue 1, page 30-47 ISSN 0007-1145 1475-2662 journal-article 2017 crcambridgeupr https://doi.org/10.1017/s0007114516004396 2024-06-12T04:02:51Z Abstract Farmed salmon feeds have changed from purely marine-based diets with high levels of EPA and DHA in the 1990s to the current 70 % plant-based diets with low levels of these fatty acids (FA). The aim of this study was to establish the impacts of low dietary EPA and DHA levels on performance and tissue integrity of Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ). Atlantic salmon (50 g) in seawater were fed fourteen experimental diets, containing five levels (0, 0·5, 1·0, 1·5 and 2·0 %) of EPA, DHA or a 1:1 EPA+DHA plus control close to a commercial diet, to a final weight of 400 g. Lack of EPA and DHA did not influence mortality, but the n -3-deficient group exhibited moderately slower growth than those fed levels above 0·5 %. The heart and brain conserved EPA and DHA levels better than skeletal muscle, liver, skin and intestine. Decreased EPA and DHA favoured deposition of pro-inflammatory 20 : 4 n -6 and 20 : 3 n -6 FA in membrane phospholipids in all tissues. When DHA was excluded from diets, 18 : 3 n -3 and EPA were to a large extent converted to DHA. Liver, skeletal and cardiac muscle morphology was normal in all groups, with the exception of cytoplasm packed with large or foamy vacuoles and sometimes swollen enterocytes of intestine in both deficient and EPA groups. DHA supplementation supported normal intestinal structure, and 2·0 % EPA+DHA alleviated deficiency symptoms. Thus, EPA and DHA dietary requirements cannot be based exclusively on growth; tissue integrity and fish health also need to be considered. Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon Salmo salar Cambridge University Press British Journal of Nutrition 117 1 30 47 |
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Cambridge University Press |
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crcambridgeupr |
language |
English |
description |
Abstract Farmed salmon feeds have changed from purely marine-based diets with high levels of EPA and DHA in the 1990s to the current 70 % plant-based diets with low levels of these fatty acids (FA). The aim of this study was to establish the impacts of low dietary EPA and DHA levels on performance and tissue integrity of Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ). Atlantic salmon (50 g) in seawater were fed fourteen experimental diets, containing five levels (0, 0·5, 1·0, 1·5 and 2·0 %) of EPA, DHA or a 1:1 EPA+DHA plus control close to a commercial diet, to a final weight of 400 g. Lack of EPA and DHA did not influence mortality, but the n -3-deficient group exhibited moderately slower growth than those fed levels above 0·5 %. The heart and brain conserved EPA and DHA levels better than skeletal muscle, liver, skin and intestine. Decreased EPA and DHA favoured deposition of pro-inflammatory 20 : 4 n -6 and 20 : 3 n -6 FA in membrane phospholipids in all tissues. When DHA was excluded from diets, 18 : 3 n -3 and EPA were to a large extent converted to DHA. Liver, skeletal and cardiac muscle morphology was normal in all groups, with the exception of cytoplasm packed with large or foamy vacuoles and sometimes swollen enterocytes of intestine in both deficient and EPA groups. DHA supplementation supported normal intestinal structure, and 2·0 % EPA+DHA alleviated deficiency symptoms. Thus, EPA and DHA dietary requirements cannot be based exclusively on growth; tissue integrity and fish health also need to be considered. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Bou, Marta Berge, Gerd M. Baeverfjord, Grete Sigholt, Trygve Østbye, Tone-Kari Romarheim, Odd Helge Hatlen, Bjarne Leeuwis, Robin Venegas, Claudia Ruyter, Bente |
spellingShingle |
Bou, Marta Berge, Gerd M. Baeverfjord, Grete Sigholt, Trygve Østbye, Tone-Kari Romarheim, Odd Helge Hatlen, Bjarne Leeuwis, Robin Venegas, Claudia Ruyter, Bente Requirements ofn-3 very long-chain PUFA in Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L): effects of different dietary levels of EPA and DHA on fish performance and tissue composition and integrity |
author_facet |
Bou, Marta Berge, Gerd M. Baeverfjord, Grete Sigholt, Trygve Østbye, Tone-Kari Romarheim, Odd Helge Hatlen, Bjarne Leeuwis, Robin Venegas, Claudia Ruyter, Bente |
author_sort |
Bou, Marta |
title |
Requirements ofn-3 very long-chain PUFA in Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L): effects of different dietary levels of EPA and DHA on fish performance and tissue composition and integrity |
title_short |
Requirements ofn-3 very long-chain PUFA in Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L): effects of different dietary levels of EPA and DHA on fish performance and tissue composition and integrity |
title_full |
Requirements ofn-3 very long-chain PUFA in Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L): effects of different dietary levels of EPA and DHA on fish performance and tissue composition and integrity |
title_fullStr |
Requirements ofn-3 very long-chain PUFA in Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L): effects of different dietary levels of EPA and DHA on fish performance and tissue composition and integrity |
title_full_unstemmed |
Requirements ofn-3 very long-chain PUFA in Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L): effects of different dietary levels of EPA and DHA on fish performance and tissue composition and integrity |
title_sort |
requirements ofn-3 very long-chain pufa in atlantic salmon ( salmo salar l): effects of different dietary levels of epa and dha on fish performance and tissue composition and integrity |
publisher |
Cambridge University Press (CUP) |
publishDate |
2017 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114516004396 https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0007114516004396 |
genre |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
op_source |
British Journal of Nutrition volume 117, issue 1, page 30-47 ISSN 0007-1145 1475-2662 |
op_rights |
https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1017/s0007114516004396 |
container_title |
British Journal of Nutrition |
container_volume |
117 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
30 |
op_container_end_page |
47 |
_version_ |
1802642325532311552 |