Dietary cholesterol supplementation to a plant-based diet suppresses the complete pathway of cholesterol synthesis and induces bile acid production in Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L.)
Plants now supply more than 50 % of protein in Norwegian salmon aquafeeds. The inclusion of plant protein in aquafeeds may be associated with decreased lipid digestibility and cholesterol and bile salt levels, indicating that the replacement of fishmeal with plant protein could result in inadequate...
Published in: | British Journal of Nutrition |
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Language: | English |
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Cambridge University Press (CUP)
2014
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114514000373 https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0007114514000373 |
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crcambridgeupr:10.1017/s0007114514000373 2024-10-13T14:06:01+00:00 Dietary cholesterol supplementation to a plant-based diet suppresses the complete pathway of cholesterol synthesis and induces bile acid production in Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L.) Kortner, Trond M. Björkhem, Ingemar Krasnov, Aleksei Timmerhaus, Gerrit Krogdahl, Åshild 2014 http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114514000373 https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0007114514000373 en eng Cambridge University Press (CUP) https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms British Journal of Nutrition volume 111, issue 12, page 2089-2103 ISSN 0007-1145 1475-2662 journal-article 2014 crcambridgeupr https://doi.org/10.1017/s0007114514000373 2024-09-25T04:03:06Z Plants now supply more than 50 % of protein in Norwegian salmon aquafeeds. The inclusion of plant protein in aquafeeds may be associated with decreased lipid digestibility and cholesterol and bile salt levels, indicating that the replacement of fishmeal with plant protein could result in inadequate supplies of cholesterol in fish. A reduction in feed efficiency, fish growth and pathogen resistance is often observed in parallel to alterations in sterol metabolism. Previous studies have indicated that the negative effects induced by plant components can be attenuated when diets are supplemented with cholesterol. The present study evaluated the effects of dietary cholesterol supplementation (1·5 %) in Atlantic salmon fed a plant-based diet for 77 d. The weights of body, intestines and liver were recorded and blood, tissues, faeces, chyme and bile were sampled for the evaluation of effects on growth, nutrient utilisation and metabolism, and transcriptome and metabolite levels, with particular emphasis on sterol metabolism and organ structure and function. Cholesterol supplementation did not affect the growth or organ weights of Atlantic salmon, but seemed to promote the induction of cholesterol and plant sterol efflux in the intestine while suppressing sterol uptake. Cholesterol biosynthesis decreased correspondingly and conversion into bile acids increased. The marked effect of cholesterol supplementation on bile acid synthesis suggests that dietary cholesterol can be used to increase bile acid synthesis in fish. The present study clearly demonstrated how Atlantic salmon adjusted their metabolic functions in response to the dietary load of cholesterol. It has also expanded our understanding of sterol metabolism and turnover, adding to the existing, rather sparse, knowledge of these processes in fish. Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon Salmo salar Cambridge University Press British Journal of Nutrition 111 12 2089 2103 |
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Open Polar |
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Cambridge University Press |
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crcambridgeupr |
language |
English |
description |
Plants now supply more than 50 % of protein in Norwegian salmon aquafeeds. The inclusion of plant protein in aquafeeds may be associated with decreased lipid digestibility and cholesterol and bile salt levels, indicating that the replacement of fishmeal with plant protein could result in inadequate supplies of cholesterol in fish. A reduction in feed efficiency, fish growth and pathogen resistance is often observed in parallel to alterations in sterol metabolism. Previous studies have indicated that the negative effects induced by plant components can be attenuated when diets are supplemented with cholesterol. The present study evaluated the effects of dietary cholesterol supplementation (1·5 %) in Atlantic salmon fed a plant-based diet for 77 d. The weights of body, intestines and liver were recorded and blood, tissues, faeces, chyme and bile were sampled for the evaluation of effects on growth, nutrient utilisation and metabolism, and transcriptome and metabolite levels, with particular emphasis on sterol metabolism and organ structure and function. Cholesterol supplementation did not affect the growth or organ weights of Atlantic salmon, but seemed to promote the induction of cholesterol and plant sterol efflux in the intestine while suppressing sterol uptake. Cholesterol biosynthesis decreased correspondingly and conversion into bile acids increased. The marked effect of cholesterol supplementation on bile acid synthesis suggests that dietary cholesterol can be used to increase bile acid synthesis in fish. The present study clearly demonstrated how Atlantic salmon adjusted their metabolic functions in response to the dietary load of cholesterol. It has also expanded our understanding of sterol metabolism and turnover, adding to the existing, rather sparse, knowledge of these processes in fish. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Kortner, Trond M. Björkhem, Ingemar Krasnov, Aleksei Timmerhaus, Gerrit Krogdahl, Åshild |
spellingShingle |
Kortner, Trond M. Björkhem, Ingemar Krasnov, Aleksei Timmerhaus, Gerrit Krogdahl, Åshild Dietary cholesterol supplementation to a plant-based diet suppresses the complete pathway of cholesterol synthesis and induces bile acid production in Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L.) |
author_facet |
Kortner, Trond M. Björkhem, Ingemar Krasnov, Aleksei Timmerhaus, Gerrit Krogdahl, Åshild |
author_sort |
Kortner, Trond M. |
title |
Dietary cholesterol supplementation to a plant-based diet suppresses the complete pathway of cholesterol synthesis and induces bile acid production in Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L.) |
title_short |
Dietary cholesterol supplementation to a plant-based diet suppresses the complete pathway of cholesterol synthesis and induces bile acid production in Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L.) |
title_full |
Dietary cholesterol supplementation to a plant-based diet suppresses the complete pathway of cholesterol synthesis and induces bile acid production in Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L.) |
title_fullStr |
Dietary cholesterol supplementation to a plant-based diet suppresses the complete pathway of cholesterol synthesis and induces bile acid production in Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L.) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Dietary cholesterol supplementation to a plant-based diet suppresses the complete pathway of cholesterol synthesis and induces bile acid production in Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L.) |
title_sort |
dietary cholesterol supplementation to a plant-based diet suppresses the complete pathway of cholesterol synthesis and induces bile acid production in atlantic salmon ( salmo salar l.) |
publisher |
Cambridge University Press (CUP) |
publishDate |
2014 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114514000373 https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0007114514000373 |
genre |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
op_source |
British Journal of Nutrition volume 111, issue 12, page 2089-2103 ISSN 0007-1145 1475-2662 |
op_rights |
https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1017/s0007114514000373 |
container_title |
British Journal of Nutrition |
container_volume |
111 |
container_issue |
12 |
container_start_page |
2089 |
op_container_end_page |
2103 |
_version_ |
1812812066241642496 |