Environmental record of layers of bubbles in natural pond ice
ABSTRACT Autonomous temperature data loggers were used to measure the temperature profile within a growing ice cover and in the water below. The ice formed under natural conditions over the pond. We observed the presence of distinct layers of gas bubbles throughout the ice thickness. Temperature mea...
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Language: | English |
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Cambridge University Press (CUP)
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jog.2018.73 https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0022143018000734 |
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crcambridgeupr:10.1017/jog.2018.73 2024-04-28T08:26:45+00:00 Environmental record of layers of bubbles in natural pond ice HRUBA, JOLANA KLETETSCHKA, GUNTHER 2018 http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jog.2018.73 https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0022143018000734 en eng Cambridge University Press (CUP) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Journal of Glaciology volume 64, issue 248, page 866-876 ISSN 0022-1430 1727-5652 Earth-Surface Processes journal-article 2018 crcambridgeupr https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2018.73 2024-04-02T06:54:12Z ABSTRACT Autonomous temperature data loggers were used to measure the temperature profile within a growing ice cover and in the water below. The ice formed under natural conditions over the pond. We observed the presence of distinct layers of gas bubbles throughout the ice thickness. Temperature measurements allowed us to determine growth rates (μm s −1 ) and cooling rates (°C s −1 ) of the ice and demonstrated that these bubble layers formed during the peak ice growth rates from 0.58 to 0.92 µm s −1 . The growth rates, leading to the formation of layers of bubbles, were more than an order of magnitude lower than for bubbles produced in controlled laboratory conditions (from 3 to 80 µm s −1 ). This observation introduces the possibility that solid impurities play a role in natural waters and that they must lower the limit of growth rates required for bubble occurrence. Data revealed a decrease in ice growth rates while cooling rates increased. We interpret this observation as an effect of the heat flux from the water to the ice (8.34–34.11 W m −2 ), and of gas concentration changes in the water below. Calculations of the ice thickness using traditional methods showed the necessity to include the heat flux from the water to the ice and the effect of gas bubbles within the ice and near the ice–water interface. Article in Journal/Newspaper Journal of Glaciology Cambridge University Press Journal of Glaciology 64 248 866 876 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Cambridge University Press |
op_collection_id |
crcambridgeupr |
language |
English |
topic |
Earth-Surface Processes |
spellingShingle |
Earth-Surface Processes HRUBA, JOLANA KLETETSCHKA, GUNTHER Environmental record of layers of bubbles in natural pond ice |
topic_facet |
Earth-Surface Processes |
description |
ABSTRACT Autonomous temperature data loggers were used to measure the temperature profile within a growing ice cover and in the water below. The ice formed under natural conditions over the pond. We observed the presence of distinct layers of gas bubbles throughout the ice thickness. Temperature measurements allowed us to determine growth rates (μm s −1 ) and cooling rates (°C s −1 ) of the ice and demonstrated that these bubble layers formed during the peak ice growth rates from 0.58 to 0.92 µm s −1 . The growth rates, leading to the formation of layers of bubbles, were more than an order of magnitude lower than for bubbles produced in controlled laboratory conditions (from 3 to 80 µm s −1 ). This observation introduces the possibility that solid impurities play a role in natural waters and that they must lower the limit of growth rates required for bubble occurrence. Data revealed a decrease in ice growth rates while cooling rates increased. We interpret this observation as an effect of the heat flux from the water to the ice (8.34–34.11 W m −2 ), and of gas concentration changes in the water below. Calculations of the ice thickness using traditional methods showed the necessity to include the heat flux from the water to the ice and the effect of gas bubbles within the ice and near the ice–water interface. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
HRUBA, JOLANA KLETETSCHKA, GUNTHER |
author_facet |
HRUBA, JOLANA KLETETSCHKA, GUNTHER |
author_sort |
HRUBA, JOLANA |
title |
Environmental record of layers of bubbles in natural pond ice |
title_short |
Environmental record of layers of bubbles in natural pond ice |
title_full |
Environmental record of layers of bubbles in natural pond ice |
title_fullStr |
Environmental record of layers of bubbles in natural pond ice |
title_full_unstemmed |
Environmental record of layers of bubbles in natural pond ice |
title_sort |
environmental record of layers of bubbles in natural pond ice |
publisher |
Cambridge University Press (CUP) |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jog.2018.73 https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0022143018000734 |
genre |
Journal of Glaciology |
genre_facet |
Journal of Glaciology |
op_source |
Journal of Glaciology volume 64, issue 248, page 866-876 ISSN 0022-1430 1727-5652 |
op_rights |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2018.73 |
container_title |
Journal of Glaciology |
container_volume |
64 |
container_issue |
248 |
container_start_page |
866 |
op_container_end_page |
876 |
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1797586000010018816 |