Late Wisconsin Ice-Surface Profile Calculated from Esker Paths and Types, Katahdin Esker System, Maine
Values of the gradient of the former ice surface can be inferred at points along a flow line from deviations of esker paths or transitions in esker type and numerically integrated to give the profile. A profile calculated in this way shows that during formation of the Katahdin esker system about 12,...
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Cambridge University Press (CUP)
1985
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crcambridgeupr:10.1016/0033-5894(85)90069-9 2024-09-15T18:12:35+00:00 Late Wisconsin Ice-Surface Profile Calculated from Esker Paths and Types, Katahdin Esker System, Maine Shreve, Ronald L. 1985 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(85)90069-9 http://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:0033589485900699?httpAccept=text/xml http://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:0033589485900699?httpAccept=text/plain https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0033589400017130 en eng Cambridge University Press (CUP) https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms Quaternary Research volume 23, issue 1, page 27-37 ISSN 0033-5894 1096-0287 journal-article 1985 crcambridgeupr https://doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(85)90069-9 2024-07-31T04:04:20Z Values of the gradient of the former ice surface can be inferred at points along a flow line from deviations of esker paths or transitions in esker type and numerically integrated to give the profile. A profile calculated in this way shows that during formation of the Katahdin esker system about 12,700 yr ago the ice thickness at distances of 10, 20, 50, 100, and 140 km from the terminus, which is about two thirds of the distance to the ice divide, was approximately 200, 300, 600, 750, and 900 m. The terminal reach was computed by assuming an unknown uniform basal drag and matching the profile to its known elevation at the terminus and known gradient 10 km upglacier. Correction for isostatic rebound based on the elevations of contemporaneous deltas and of the marine limit proved unnecessary, because the tilt due to the difference in uplift at the two ends of the profile is only 0.1 m km −1 . With other plausible assumptions as to sea levels in the past, elevations of the marine limit, or exact location of the terminus the profile could be as much as roughly 100 m higher. It hits Mount Katahdin about 500 m below its summit, which is at 1600 m, in agreement with the geological evidence farther west. The steepening of the upper part of the profile suggests that the mountain dammed and diverted the ice. Basal drag computed from the profile varies from about 20 kPa (0.2 bar) near the terminus to 30 kPa (0.3 bar) at 100 km to 70 kPa (0.7 bar) at 140 km. The relatively low values away from the influence of Mount Katahdin agree with independent evidence from deep-sea cores of substantial late Wisconsin ice-sheet thinning without comparable areal reduction. The method has potential for application over wide areas that were occupied by the Laurentide and Scandinavian ice sheets. Article in Journal/Newspaper Ice Sheet Cambridge University Press Quaternary Research 23 1 27 37 |
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English |
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Values of the gradient of the former ice surface can be inferred at points along a flow line from deviations of esker paths or transitions in esker type and numerically integrated to give the profile. A profile calculated in this way shows that during formation of the Katahdin esker system about 12,700 yr ago the ice thickness at distances of 10, 20, 50, 100, and 140 km from the terminus, which is about two thirds of the distance to the ice divide, was approximately 200, 300, 600, 750, and 900 m. The terminal reach was computed by assuming an unknown uniform basal drag and matching the profile to its known elevation at the terminus and known gradient 10 km upglacier. Correction for isostatic rebound based on the elevations of contemporaneous deltas and of the marine limit proved unnecessary, because the tilt due to the difference in uplift at the two ends of the profile is only 0.1 m km −1 . With other plausible assumptions as to sea levels in the past, elevations of the marine limit, or exact location of the terminus the profile could be as much as roughly 100 m higher. It hits Mount Katahdin about 500 m below its summit, which is at 1600 m, in agreement with the geological evidence farther west. The steepening of the upper part of the profile suggests that the mountain dammed and diverted the ice. Basal drag computed from the profile varies from about 20 kPa (0.2 bar) near the terminus to 30 kPa (0.3 bar) at 100 km to 70 kPa (0.7 bar) at 140 km. The relatively low values away from the influence of Mount Katahdin agree with independent evidence from deep-sea cores of substantial late Wisconsin ice-sheet thinning without comparable areal reduction. The method has potential for application over wide areas that were occupied by the Laurentide and Scandinavian ice sheets. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Shreve, Ronald L. |
spellingShingle |
Shreve, Ronald L. Late Wisconsin Ice-Surface Profile Calculated from Esker Paths and Types, Katahdin Esker System, Maine |
author_facet |
Shreve, Ronald L. |
author_sort |
Shreve, Ronald L. |
title |
Late Wisconsin Ice-Surface Profile Calculated from Esker Paths and Types, Katahdin Esker System, Maine |
title_short |
Late Wisconsin Ice-Surface Profile Calculated from Esker Paths and Types, Katahdin Esker System, Maine |
title_full |
Late Wisconsin Ice-Surface Profile Calculated from Esker Paths and Types, Katahdin Esker System, Maine |
title_fullStr |
Late Wisconsin Ice-Surface Profile Calculated from Esker Paths and Types, Katahdin Esker System, Maine |
title_full_unstemmed |
Late Wisconsin Ice-Surface Profile Calculated from Esker Paths and Types, Katahdin Esker System, Maine |
title_sort |
late wisconsin ice-surface profile calculated from esker paths and types, katahdin esker system, maine |
publisher |
Cambridge University Press (CUP) |
publishDate |
1985 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(85)90069-9 http://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:0033589485900699?httpAccept=text/xml http://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:0033589485900699?httpAccept=text/plain https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0033589400017130 |
genre |
Ice Sheet |
genre_facet |
Ice Sheet |
op_source |
Quaternary Research volume 23, issue 1, page 27-37 ISSN 0033-5894 1096-0287 |
op_rights |
https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(85)90069-9 |
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Quaternary Research |
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23 |
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1 |
container_start_page |
27 |
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37 |
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1810450170280673280 |