Atmospheric Aerosol Loading and Transport Due to the 1783-84 Laki Eruption in Iceland, Interpreted from Ash Particles and Acidity in the GISP2 Ice Core
Abstract Glass shards from the A.D. 1783 Laki fissure eruption in Iceland have been identified in the GISP2 ice core from Summit, Greenland, at a level just preceding the major acidity/sulfate peak. Detailed reconstruction of ice stratigraphy, coupled with analyses of solid particles from filtered s...
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Cambridge University Press (CUP)
1994
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crcambridgeupr:10.1006/qres.1994.1074 2024-09-15T18:09:10+00:00 Atmospheric Aerosol Loading and Transport Due to the 1783-84 Laki Eruption in Iceland, Interpreted from Ash Particles and Acidity in the GISP2 Ice Core Fiacco, R. Joseph Thordarson, Thorvaldur Germani, Mark S. Self, Stephen Palais, Julie M. Whitlow, Sallie Grootes, Peter M. 1994 http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1994.1074 http://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S003358948471074X?httpAccept=text/xml http://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S003358948471074X?httpAccept=text/plain https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0033589400037297 en eng Cambridge University Press (CUP) https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms Quaternary Research volume 42, issue 3, page 231-240 ISSN 0033-5894 1096-0287 journal-article 1994 crcambridgeupr https://doi.org/10.1006/qres.1994.1074 2024-09-04T04:04:35Z Abstract Glass shards from the A.D. 1783 Laki fissure eruption in Iceland have been identified in the GISP2 ice core from Summit, Greenland, at a level just preceding the major acidity/sulfate peak. Detailed reconstruction of ice stratigraphy, coupled with analyses of solid particles from filtered samples, indicate that a small amount of Laki ash was carried via atmospheric transport to Greenland in the summer of 1783, whereas the main aerosol precipitation occurred in the summer and early fall of 1784. Sulfate concentrations in the ice increase slightly during late summer and fall of 1783 and remain steady throughout the winter due to slow oxidation rates during this season in the Arctic. The sulfate concentration rises dramatically in the spring and summer of 1784, producing a massive sulfate peak, previously believed to have accumulated during the summer of 1783 and commonly used as the marker horizon in Greenland ice core studies. The chronology of ash and acid fallout at the GISP2 site suggests that a significant portion of the Laid eruption plume penetrated the tropopause and that aerosol generated from it remained aloft for at least 1 yr after the eruption. Based on comparisons with other glaciochemical seasonal indicators, abnormally cool conditions prevailed at Summit during the summer of 1784. This further supports the claim that a significant volume of sulfate aerosol remained in the Arctic middle atmosphere well after the eruption had ceased. Article in Journal/Newspaper Greenland Greenland ice core ice core Iceland Cambridge University Press Quaternary Research 42 3 231 240 |
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Cambridge University Press |
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English |
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Abstract Glass shards from the A.D. 1783 Laki fissure eruption in Iceland have been identified in the GISP2 ice core from Summit, Greenland, at a level just preceding the major acidity/sulfate peak. Detailed reconstruction of ice stratigraphy, coupled with analyses of solid particles from filtered samples, indicate that a small amount of Laki ash was carried via atmospheric transport to Greenland in the summer of 1783, whereas the main aerosol precipitation occurred in the summer and early fall of 1784. Sulfate concentrations in the ice increase slightly during late summer and fall of 1783 and remain steady throughout the winter due to slow oxidation rates during this season in the Arctic. The sulfate concentration rises dramatically in the spring and summer of 1784, producing a massive sulfate peak, previously believed to have accumulated during the summer of 1783 and commonly used as the marker horizon in Greenland ice core studies. The chronology of ash and acid fallout at the GISP2 site suggests that a significant portion of the Laid eruption plume penetrated the tropopause and that aerosol generated from it remained aloft for at least 1 yr after the eruption. Based on comparisons with other glaciochemical seasonal indicators, abnormally cool conditions prevailed at Summit during the summer of 1784. This further supports the claim that a significant volume of sulfate aerosol remained in the Arctic middle atmosphere well after the eruption had ceased. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Fiacco, R. Joseph Thordarson, Thorvaldur Germani, Mark S. Self, Stephen Palais, Julie M. Whitlow, Sallie Grootes, Peter M. |
spellingShingle |
Fiacco, R. Joseph Thordarson, Thorvaldur Germani, Mark S. Self, Stephen Palais, Julie M. Whitlow, Sallie Grootes, Peter M. Atmospheric Aerosol Loading and Transport Due to the 1783-84 Laki Eruption in Iceland, Interpreted from Ash Particles and Acidity in the GISP2 Ice Core |
author_facet |
Fiacco, R. Joseph Thordarson, Thorvaldur Germani, Mark S. Self, Stephen Palais, Julie M. Whitlow, Sallie Grootes, Peter M. |
author_sort |
Fiacco, R. Joseph |
title |
Atmospheric Aerosol Loading and Transport Due to the 1783-84 Laki Eruption in Iceland, Interpreted from Ash Particles and Acidity in the GISP2 Ice Core |
title_short |
Atmospheric Aerosol Loading and Transport Due to the 1783-84 Laki Eruption in Iceland, Interpreted from Ash Particles and Acidity in the GISP2 Ice Core |
title_full |
Atmospheric Aerosol Loading and Transport Due to the 1783-84 Laki Eruption in Iceland, Interpreted from Ash Particles and Acidity in the GISP2 Ice Core |
title_fullStr |
Atmospheric Aerosol Loading and Transport Due to the 1783-84 Laki Eruption in Iceland, Interpreted from Ash Particles and Acidity in the GISP2 Ice Core |
title_full_unstemmed |
Atmospheric Aerosol Loading and Transport Due to the 1783-84 Laki Eruption in Iceland, Interpreted from Ash Particles and Acidity in the GISP2 Ice Core |
title_sort |
atmospheric aerosol loading and transport due to the 1783-84 laki eruption in iceland, interpreted from ash particles and acidity in the gisp2 ice core |
publisher |
Cambridge University Press (CUP) |
publishDate |
1994 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1994.1074 http://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S003358948471074X?httpAccept=text/xml http://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S003358948471074X?httpAccept=text/plain https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0033589400037297 |
genre |
Greenland Greenland ice core ice core Iceland |
genre_facet |
Greenland Greenland ice core ice core Iceland |
op_source |
Quaternary Research volume 42, issue 3, page 231-240 ISSN 0033-5894 1096-0287 |
op_rights |
https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1006/qres.1994.1074 |
container_title |
Quaternary Research |
container_volume |
42 |
container_issue |
3 |
container_start_page |
231 |
op_container_end_page |
240 |
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1810446582503440384 |