Human Bones Solubility in Seawater
Introduction: In January 1968, an Israeli submarine "Dakar" sank in the Mediterranean Sea. The Dakar’s wreckage was not found until May 1999, when it was located between the islands of Cyprus and Crete at depth more than 3,000 m by the Nauticos Corporation, the same company which found a B...
Published in: | Current Physical Chemistry |
---|---|
Main Author: | |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
2022
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1877946812666220310143203 https://www.eurekaselect.com/article/download?doi=10.2174/1877946812666220310143203 https://www.eurekaselect.com/202050/article |
id |
crbenthamsciepub:10.2174/1877946812666220310143203 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
crbenthamsciepub:10.2174/1877946812666220310143203 2023-09-05T13:21:45+02:00 Human Bones Solubility in Seawater Krumgalz, Boris S. 2022 http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1877946812666220310143203 https://www.eurekaselect.com/article/download?doi=10.2174/1877946812666220310143203 https://www.eurekaselect.com/202050/article en eng Bentham Science Publishers Ltd. Current Physical Chemistry volume 12, issue 1, page 88-93 ISSN 1877-9468 General Medicine journal-article 2022 crbenthamsciepub https://doi.org/10.2174/1877946812666220310143203 2023-08-11T15:32:41Z Introduction: In January 1968, an Israeli submarine "Dakar" sank in the Mediterranean Sea. The Dakar’s wreckage was not found until May 1999, when it was located between the islands of Cyprus and Crete at depth more than 3,000 m by the Nauticos Corporation, the same company which found a British passenger liner "Titanic" that sank in the North Atlantic Ocean after it collided with an iceberg. The possibility to recover any existing remains of the crew members in the sunken submarine “Dakar” and to give them Jewish burial had been widely discussed in Israel. Background: The human bones consist of mineral and organic matrixes. Therefore, the solubility of the bones in seawater will depend on the behavior of these two matrixes. The main mineral component of human bones is a calcium phosphate mineral which is similar in composition and structure to minerals within the apatite group. Thus, the human bones are rigid body tissue consisting of biological cells embedded in an abundant, hard intercellular material. Objective: The main objective is to study the possibility of solubility of human bones after prolonged time in deep waters. Methods: The solubility of minerals in natural waters can be calculated from thermodynamic considerations provided that the equilibrium constants are known, and ionic activity coefficients can be obtained. Using the approaches developed by Pitzer's scientific school for ionic activity coefficients calculations it was demonstrated in this article that neither hydroxyapatite nor fluorapatite can be dissolved in seawater. Results: It is well known, according to various publications, that no skeleton remains were found in most cases of sunken ships wreckage in deep seawaters. The question is how this contradiction can be explained if mineral constituents of human bones could not be dissolved in seawater, but no skeletons have been found in sunken ships being prolonged time in deep depths. We assume that the reason for this phenomenon is that skeleton bones in addition to mineral matrix contain ... Article in Journal/Newspaper North Atlantic Bentham Science Publishers (via Crossref) Current Physical Chemistry 12 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Bentham Science Publishers (via Crossref) |
op_collection_id |
crbenthamsciepub |
language |
English |
topic |
General Medicine |
spellingShingle |
General Medicine Krumgalz, Boris S. Human Bones Solubility in Seawater |
topic_facet |
General Medicine |
description |
Introduction: In January 1968, an Israeli submarine "Dakar" sank in the Mediterranean Sea. The Dakar’s wreckage was not found until May 1999, when it was located between the islands of Cyprus and Crete at depth more than 3,000 m by the Nauticos Corporation, the same company which found a British passenger liner "Titanic" that sank in the North Atlantic Ocean after it collided with an iceberg. The possibility to recover any existing remains of the crew members in the sunken submarine “Dakar” and to give them Jewish burial had been widely discussed in Israel. Background: The human bones consist of mineral and organic matrixes. Therefore, the solubility of the bones in seawater will depend on the behavior of these two matrixes. The main mineral component of human bones is a calcium phosphate mineral which is similar in composition and structure to minerals within the apatite group. Thus, the human bones are rigid body tissue consisting of biological cells embedded in an abundant, hard intercellular material. Objective: The main objective is to study the possibility of solubility of human bones after prolonged time in deep waters. Methods: The solubility of minerals in natural waters can be calculated from thermodynamic considerations provided that the equilibrium constants are known, and ionic activity coefficients can be obtained. Using the approaches developed by Pitzer's scientific school for ionic activity coefficients calculations it was demonstrated in this article that neither hydroxyapatite nor fluorapatite can be dissolved in seawater. Results: It is well known, according to various publications, that no skeleton remains were found in most cases of sunken ships wreckage in deep seawaters. The question is how this contradiction can be explained if mineral constituents of human bones could not be dissolved in seawater, but no skeletons have been found in sunken ships being prolonged time in deep depths. We assume that the reason for this phenomenon is that skeleton bones in addition to mineral matrix contain ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Krumgalz, Boris S. |
author_facet |
Krumgalz, Boris S. |
author_sort |
Krumgalz, Boris S. |
title |
Human Bones Solubility in Seawater |
title_short |
Human Bones Solubility in Seawater |
title_full |
Human Bones Solubility in Seawater |
title_fullStr |
Human Bones Solubility in Seawater |
title_full_unstemmed |
Human Bones Solubility in Seawater |
title_sort |
human bones solubility in seawater |
publisher |
Bentham Science Publishers Ltd. |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1877946812666220310143203 https://www.eurekaselect.com/article/download?doi=10.2174/1877946812666220310143203 https://www.eurekaselect.com/202050/article |
genre |
North Atlantic |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic |
op_source |
Current Physical Chemistry volume 12, issue 1, page 88-93 ISSN 1877-9468 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.2174/1877946812666220310143203 |
container_title |
Current Physical Chemistry |
container_volume |
12 |
_version_ |
1776202321575804928 |