Detection and Isolation of Ultrasmall Microorganisms from a 120,000-Year-Old Greenland Glacier Ice Core
ABSTRACT The abundant microbial population in a 3,043-m-deep Greenland glacier ice core was dominated by ultrasmall cells (<0.1 μm 3 ) that may represent intrinsically small organisms or starved, minute forms of normal-sized microbes. In order to examine their diversity and obtain isolates, we en...
Published in: | Applied and Environmental Microbiology |
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American Society for Microbiology
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.71.12.7806-7818.2005 https://journals.asm.org/doi/pdf/10.1128/AEM.71.12.7806-7818.2005 |
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crasmicro:10.1128/aem.71.12.7806-7818.2005 2024-09-15T18:07:44+00:00 Detection and Isolation of Ultrasmall Microorganisms from a 120,000-Year-Old Greenland Glacier Ice Core Miteva, Vanya I. Brenchley, Jean E. 2005 http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.71.12.7806-7818.2005 https://journals.asm.org/doi/pdf/10.1128/AEM.71.12.7806-7818.2005 en eng American Society for Microbiology https://journals.asm.org/non-commercial-tdm-license Applied and Environmental Microbiology volume 71, issue 12, page 7806-7818 ISSN 0099-2240 1098-5336 journal-article 2005 crasmicro https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.71.12.7806-7818.2005 2024-08-26T04:06:40Z ABSTRACT The abundant microbial population in a 3,043-m-deep Greenland glacier ice core was dominated by ultrasmall cells (<0.1 μm 3 ) that may represent intrinsically small organisms or starved, minute forms of normal-sized microbes. In order to examine their diversity and obtain isolates, we enriched for ultrasmall psychrophiles by filtering melted ice through filters with different pore sizes, inoculating anaerobic low-nutrient liquid media, and performing successive rounds of filtrations and recultivations at 5°C. Melted ice filtrates, cultures, and isolates were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, flow cytometry, cultivation, and molecular methods. The results confirmed that numerous cells passed through 0.4-μm, 0.2-μm, and even 0.1-μm filters. Interestingly, filtration increased cell culturability from the melted ice, yielding many isolates related to high-G+C gram-positive bacteria. Comparisons between parallel filtered and nonfiltered cultures showed that (i) the proportion of 0.2-μm-filterable cells was higher in the filtered cultures after short incubations but this difference diminished after several months, (ii) more isolates were obtained from filtered (1,290 isolates) than from nonfiltered (447 isolates) cultures, and (iii) the filtration and liquid medium cultivation increased isolate diversity ( Proteobacteria Cytophaga-Flavobacteria-Bacteroides high-G+C gram-positive; and spore-forming, low-G+C gram-positive bacteria). Many isolates maintained their small cell sizes after recultivation and were phylogenetically novel or related to other ultramicrobacteria. Our filtration-cultivation procedure, combined with long incubations, enriched for novel ultrasmall-cell isolates, which is useful for studies of their metabolic properties and mechanisms for long-term survival under extreme conditions. Article in Journal/Newspaper glacier Greenland ice core ASM Journals (American Society for Microbiology) Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71 12 7806 7818 |
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Open Polar |
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ASM Journals (American Society for Microbiology) |
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crasmicro |
language |
English |
description |
ABSTRACT The abundant microbial population in a 3,043-m-deep Greenland glacier ice core was dominated by ultrasmall cells (<0.1 μm 3 ) that may represent intrinsically small organisms or starved, minute forms of normal-sized microbes. In order to examine their diversity and obtain isolates, we enriched for ultrasmall psychrophiles by filtering melted ice through filters with different pore sizes, inoculating anaerobic low-nutrient liquid media, and performing successive rounds of filtrations and recultivations at 5°C. Melted ice filtrates, cultures, and isolates were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, flow cytometry, cultivation, and molecular methods. The results confirmed that numerous cells passed through 0.4-μm, 0.2-μm, and even 0.1-μm filters. Interestingly, filtration increased cell culturability from the melted ice, yielding many isolates related to high-G+C gram-positive bacteria. Comparisons between parallel filtered and nonfiltered cultures showed that (i) the proportion of 0.2-μm-filterable cells was higher in the filtered cultures after short incubations but this difference diminished after several months, (ii) more isolates were obtained from filtered (1,290 isolates) than from nonfiltered (447 isolates) cultures, and (iii) the filtration and liquid medium cultivation increased isolate diversity ( Proteobacteria Cytophaga-Flavobacteria-Bacteroides high-G+C gram-positive; and spore-forming, low-G+C gram-positive bacteria). Many isolates maintained their small cell sizes after recultivation and were phylogenetically novel or related to other ultramicrobacteria. Our filtration-cultivation procedure, combined with long incubations, enriched for novel ultrasmall-cell isolates, which is useful for studies of their metabolic properties and mechanisms for long-term survival under extreme conditions. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Miteva, Vanya I. Brenchley, Jean E. |
spellingShingle |
Miteva, Vanya I. Brenchley, Jean E. Detection and Isolation of Ultrasmall Microorganisms from a 120,000-Year-Old Greenland Glacier Ice Core |
author_facet |
Miteva, Vanya I. Brenchley, Jean E. |
author_sort |
Miteva, Vanya I. |
title |
Detection and Isolation of Ultrasmall Microorganisms from a 120,000-Year-Old Greenland Glacier Ice Core |
title_short |
Detection and Isolation of Ultrasmall Microorganisms from a 120,000-Year-Old Greenland Glacier Ice Core |
title_full |
Detection and Isolation of Ultrasmall Microorganisms from a 120,000-Year-Old Greenland Glacier Ice Core |
title_fullStr |
Detection and Isolation of Ultrasmall Microorganisms from a 120,000-Year-Old Greenland Glacier Ice Core |
title_full_unstemmed |
Detection and Isolation of Ultrasmall Microorganisms from a 120,000-Year-Old Greenland Glacier Ice Core |
title_sort |
detection and isolation of ultrasmall microorganisms from a 120,000-year-old greenland glacier ice core |
publisher |
American Society for Microbiology |
publishDate |
2005 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.71.12.7806-7818.2005 https://journals.asm.org/doi/pdf/10.1128/AEM.71.12.7806-7818.2005 |
genre |
glacier Greenland ice core |
genre_facet |
glacier Greenland ice core |
op_source |
Applied and Environmental Microbiology volume 71, issue 12, page 7806-7818 ISSN 0099-2240 1098-5336 |
op_rights |
https://journals.asm.org/non-commercial-tdm-license |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.71.12.7806-7818.2005 |
container_title |
Applied and Environmental Microbiology |
container_volume |
71 |
container_issue |
12 |
container_start_page |
7806 |
op_container_end_page |
7818 |
_version_ |
1810445116366651392 |