Phylogenetic and Physiological Diversity of Microorganisms Isolated from a Deep Greenland Glacier Ice Core
ABSTRACT We studied a sample from the GISP 2 (Greenland Ice Sheet Project) ice core to determine the diversity and survival of microorganisms trapped in the ice at least 120,000 years ago. Previously, we examined the phylogenetic relationships among 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequences in a clone libr...
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American Society for Microbiology
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.1.202-213.2004 https://journals.asm.org/doi/pdf/10.1128/AEM.70.1.202-213.2004 |
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crasmicro:10.1128/aem.70.1.202-213.2004 2024-06-23T07:52:58+00:00 Phylogenetic and Physiological Diversity of Microorganisms Isolated from a Deep Greenland Glacier Ice Core Miteva, V. I. Sheridan, P. P. Brenchley, J. E. 2004 http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.1.202-213.2004 https://journals.asm.org/doi/pdf/10.1128/AEM.70.1.202-213.2004 en eng American Society for Microbiology https://journals.asm.org/non-commercial-tdm-license Applied and Environmental Microbiology volume 70, issue 1, page 202-213 ISSN 0099-2240 1098-5336 journal-article 2004 crasmicro https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.1.202-213.2004 2024-06-10T04:07:25Z ABSTRACT We studied a sample from the GISP 2 (Greenland Ice Sheet Project) ice core to determine the diversity and survival of microorganisms trapped in the ice at least 120,000 years ago. Previously, we examined the phylogenetic relationships among 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequences in a clone library obtained by PCR amplification from genomic DNA extracted from anaerobic enrichments. Here we report the isolation of nearly 800 aerobic organisms that were grouped by morphology and amplified rDNA restriction analysis patterns to select isolates for further study. The phylogenetic analyses of 56 representative rDNA sequences showed that the isolates belonged to four major phylogenetic groups: the high-G+C gram-positives, low-G+C gram-positives, Proteobacteria , and the Cytophaga-Flavobacterium-Bacteroides group. The most abundant and diverse isolates were within the high-G+C gram-positive cluster that had not been represented in the clone library. The Jukes-Cantor evolutionary distance matrix results suggested that at least 7 isolates represent new species within characterized genera and that 49 are different strains of known species. The isolates were further categorized based on the isolation conditions, temperature range for growth, enzyme activity, antibiotic resistance, presence of plasmids, and strain-specific genomic variations. A significant observation with implications for the development of novel and more effective cultivation methods was that preliminary incubation in anaerobic and aerobic liquid prior to plating on agar media greatly increased the recovery of CFU from the ice core sample. Article in Journal/Newspaper GISP glacier Greenland Greenland Ice Sheet Project ice core Ice Sheet ASM Journals (American Society for Microbiology) Greenland Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70 1 202 213 |
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Open Polar |
collection |
ASM Journals (American Society for Microbiology) |
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crasmicro |
language |
English |
description |
ABSTRACT We studied a sample from the GISP 2 (Greenland Ice Sheet Project) ice core to determine the diversity and survival of microorganisms trapped in the ice at least 120,000 years ago. Previously, we examined the phylogenetic relationships among 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequences in a clone library obtained by PCR amplification from genomic DNA extracted from anaerobic enrichments. Here we report the isolation of nearly 800 aerobic organisms that were grouped by morphology and amplified rDNA restriction analysis patterns to select isolates for further study. The phylogenetic analyses of 56 representative rDNA sequences showed that the isolates belonged to four major phylogenetic groups: the high-G+C gram-positives, low-G+C gram-positives, Proteobacteria , and the Cytophaga-Flavobacterium-Bacteroides group. The most abundant and diverse isolates were within the high-G+C gram-positive cluster that had not been represented in the clone library. The Jukes-Cantor evolutionary distance matrix results suggested that at least 7 isolates represent new species within characterized genera and that 49 are different strains of known species. The isolates were further categorized based on the isolation conditions, temperature range for growth, enzyme activity, antibiotic resistance, presence of plasmids, and strain-specific genomic variations. A significant observation with implications for the development of novel and more effective cultivation methods was that preliminary incubation in anaerobic and aerobic liquid prior to plating on agar media greatly increased the recovery of CFU from the ice core sample. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Miteva, V. I. Sheridan, P. P. Brenchley, J. E. |
spellingShingle |
Miteva, V. I. Sheridan, P. P. Brenchley, J. E. Phylogenetic and Physiological Diversity of Microorganisms Isolated from a Deep Greenland Glacier Ice Core |
author_facet |
Miteva, V. I. Sheridan, P. P. Brenchley, J. E. |
author_sort |
Miteva, V. I. |
title |
Phylogenetic and Physiological Diversity of Microorganisms Isolated from a Deep Greenland Glacier Ice Core |
title_short |
Phylogenetic and Physiological Diversity of Microorganisms Isolated from a Deep Greenland Glacier Ice Core |
title_full |
Phylogenetic and Physiological Diversity of Microorganisms Isolated from a Deep Greenland Glacier Ice Core |
title_fullStr |
Phylogenetic and Physiological Diversity of Microorganisms Isolated from a Deep Greenland Glacier Ice Core |
title_full_unstemmed |
Phylogenetic and Physiological Diversity of Microorganisms Isolated from a Deep Greenland Glacier Ice Core |
title_sort |
phylogenetic and physiological diversity of microorganisms isolated from a deep greenland glacier ice core |
publisher |
American Society for Microbiology |
publishDate |
2004 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.1.202-213.2004 https://journals.asm.org/doi/pdf/10.1128/AEM.70.1.202-213.2004 |
geographic |
Greenland |
geographic_facet |
Greenland |
genre |
GISP glacier Greenland Greenland Ice Sheet Project ice core Ice Sheet |
genre_facet |
GISP glacier Greenland Greenland Ice Sheet Project ice core Ice Sheet |
op_source |
Applied and Environmental Microbiology volume 70, issue 1, page 202-213 ISSN 0099-2240 1098-5336 |
op_rights |
https://journals.asm.org/non-commercial-tdm-license |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.1.202-213.2004 |
container_title |
Applied and Environmental Microbiology |
container_volume |
70 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
202 |
op_container_end_page |
213 |
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1802644441501007872 |