Structure of a Microbial Community in Soil after Prolonged Addition of Low Levels of Simulated Acid Rain
ABSTRACT Humus samples were collected 12 growing seasons after the start of a simulated acid rain experiment situated in the subarctic environment. The acid rain was simulated with H 2 SO 4 , a combination of H 2 SO 4 and HNO 3 , and HNO 3 at two levels of moderate acidic loads close to the natural...
Published in: | Applied and Environmental Microbiology |
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Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
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American Society for Microbiology
1998
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.64.6.2173-2180.1998 https://journals.asm.org/doi/pdf/10.1128/AEM.64.6.2173-2180.1998 |
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crasmicro:10.1128/aem.64.6.2173-2180.1998 2024-09-15T18:38:04+00:00 Structure of a Microbial Community in Soil after Prolonged Addition of Low Levels of Simulated Acid Rain Pennanen, Taina Fritze, Hannu Vanhala, Pekka Kiikkilä, Oili Neuvonen, Seppo Bååth, Erland 1998 http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.64.6.2173-2180.1998 https://journals.asm.org/doi/pdf/10.1128/AEM.64.6.2173-2180.1998 en eng American Society for Microbiology https://journals.asm.org/non-commercial-tdm-license Applied and Environmental Microbiology volume 64, issue 6, page 2173-2180 ISSN 0099-2240 1098-5336 journal-article 1998 crasmicro https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.64.6.2173-2180.1998 2024-07-29T04:09:20Z ABSTRACT Humus samples were collected 12 growing seasons after the start of a simulated acid rain experiment situated in the subarctic environment. The acid rain was simulated with H 2 SO 4 , a combination of H 2 SO 4 and HNO 3 , and HNO 3 at two levels of moderate acidic loads close to the natural anthropogenic pollution levels of southern Scandinavia. The higher levels of acid applications resulted in acidification, as defined by humus chemistry. The concentrations of base cations decreased, while the concentrations of exchangeable H + , Al, and Fe increased. Humus pH decreased from 3.83 to 3.65. Basal respiration decreased with decreasing humus pH, and total microbial biomass, measured by substrate-induced respiration and total amount of phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA), decreased slightly. An altered PLFA pattern indicated a change in the microbial community structure at the higher levels of acid applications. In general, branched fatty acids, typical of gram-positive bacteria, increased in the acid plots. PLFA analysis performed on the bacterial community growing on agar plates also showed that the relative amount of PLFA specific for gram-positive bacteria increased due to the acidification. The changed bacterial community was adapted to the more acidic environment in the acid-treated plots, even though bacterial growth rates, estimated by thymidine and leucine incorporation, decreased with pH. Fungal activity (measured as acetate incorporation into ergosterol) was not affected. This result indicates that bacteria were more affected than fungi by the acidification. The capacity of the bacterial community to utilize 95 different carbon sources was variable and only showed weak correlations to pH. Differences in the toxicities of H 2 SO 4 and HNO 3 for the microbial community were not found. Article in Journal/Newspaper Subarctic ASM Journals (American Society for Microbiology) Applied and Environmental Microbiology 64 6 2173 2180 |
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Open Polar |
collection |
ASM Journals (American Society for Microbiology) |
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crasmicro |
language |
English |
description |
ABSTRACT Humus samples were collected 12 growing seasons after the start of a simulated acid rain experiment situated in the subarctic environment. The acid rain was simulated with H 2 SO 4 , a combination of H 2 SO 4 and HNO 3 , and HNO 3 at two levels of moderate acidic loads close to the natural anthropogenic pollution levels of southern Scandinavia. The higher levels of acid applications resulted in acidification, as defined by humus chemistry. The concentrations of base cations decreased, while the concentrations of exchangeable H + , Al, and Fe increased. Humus pH decreased from 3.83 to 3.65. Basal respiration decreased with decreasing humus pH, and total microbial biomass, measured by substrate-induced respiration and total amount of phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA), decreased slightly. An altered PLFA pattern indicated a change in the microbial community structure at the higher levels of acid applications. In general, branched fatty acids, typical of gram-positive bacteria, increased in the acid plots. PLFA analysis performed on the bacterial community growing on agar plates also showed that the relative amount of PLFA specific for gram-positive bacteria increased due to the acidification. The changed bacterial community was adapted to the more acidic environment in the acid-treated plots, even though bacterial growth rates, estimated by thymidine and leucine incorporation, decreased with pH. Fungal activity (measured as acetate incorporation into ergosterol) was not affected. This result indicates that bacteria were more affected than fungi by the acidification. The capacity of the bacterial community to utilize 95 different carbon sources was variable and only showed weak correlations to pH. Differences in the toxicities of H 2 SO 4 and HNO 3 for the microbial community were not found. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Pennanen, Taina Fritze, Hannu Vanhala, Pekka Kiikkilä, Oili Neuvonen, Seppo Bååth, Erland |
spellingShingle |
Pennanen, Taina Fritze, Hannu Vanhala, Pekka Kiikkilä, Oili Neuvonen, Seppo Bååth, Erland Structure of a Microbial Community in Soil after Prolonged Addition of Low Levels of Simulated Acid Rain |
author_facet |
Pennanen, Taina Fritze, Hannu Vanhala, Pekka Kiikkilä, Oili Neuvonen, Seppo Bååth, Erland |
author_sort |
Pennanen, Taina |
title |
Structure of a Microbial Community in Soil after Prolonged Addition of Low Levels of Simulated Acid Rain |
title_short |
Structure of a Microbial Community in Soil after Prolonged Addition of Low Levels of Simulated Acid Rain |
title_full |
Structure of a Microbial Community in Soil after Prolonged Addition of Low Levels of Simulated Acid Rain |
title_fullStr |
Structure of a Microbial Community in Soil after Prolonged Addition of Low Levels of Simulated Acid Rain |
title_full_unstemmed |
Structure of a Microbial Community in Soil after Prolonged Addition of Low Levels of Simulated Acid Rain |
title_sort |
structure of a microbial community in soil after prolonged addition of low levels of simulated acid rain |
publisher |
American Society for Microbiology |
publishDate |
1998 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.64.6.2173-2180.1998 https://journals.asm.org/doi/pdf/10.1128/AEM.64.6.2173-2180.1998 |
genre |
Subarctic |
genre_facet |
Subarctic |
op_source |
Applied and Environmental Microbiology volume 64, issue 6, page 2173-2180 ISSN 0099-2240 1098-5336 |
op_rights |
https://journals.asm.org/non-commercial-tdm-license |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.64.6.2173-2180.1998 |
container_title |
Applied and Environmental Microbiology |
container_volume |
64 |
container_issue |
6 |
container_start_page |
2173 |
op_container_end_page |
2180 |
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1810482408584118272 |