Photoheterotrophic Microbes in the Arctic Ocean in Summer and Winter
ABSTRACT Photoheterotrophic microbes, which are capable of utilizing dissolved organic materials and harvesting light energy, include coccoid cyanobacteria ( Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus ), aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic (AAP) bacteria, and proteorhodopsin (PR)-containing bacteria. Our knowled...
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American Society for Microbiology
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00117-09 https://journals.asm.org/doi/pdf/10.1128/AEM.00117-09 |
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crasmicro:10.1128/aem.00117-09 2024-10-13T14:03:24+00:00 Photoheterotrophic Microbes in the Arctic Ocean in Summer and Winter Cottrell, Matthew T. Kirchman, David L. 2009 http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00117-09 https://journals.asm.org/doi/pdf/10.1128/AEM.00117-09 en eng American Society for Microbiology https://journals.asm.org/non-commercial-tdm-license Applied and Environmental Microbiology volume 75, issue 15, page 4958-4966 ISSN 0099-2240 1098-5336 journal-article 2009 crasmicro https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.00117-09 2024-09-23T04:07:37Z ABSTRACT Photoheterotrophic microbes, which are capable of utilizing dissolved organic materials and harvesting light energy, include coccoid cyanobacteria ( Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus ), aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic (AAP) bacteria, and proteorhodopsin (PR)-containing bacteria. Our knowledge of photoheterotrophic microbes is largely incomplete, especially for high-latitude waters such as the Arctic Ocean, where photoheterotrophs may have special ecological relationships and distinct biogeochemical impacts due to extremes in day length and seasonal ice cover. These microbes were examined by epifluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, and quantitative PCR (QPCR) assays for PR and a gene diagnostic of AAP bacteria ( pufM ). The abundance of AAP bacteria and PR-containing bacteria decreased from summer to winter, in parallel with a threefold decrease in the total prokaryotic community. In contrast, the abundance of Synechococcus organisms did not decrease in winter, suggesting that their growth was supported by organic substrates. Results from QPCR assays revealed no substantial shifts in the community structure of AAP bacteria and PR-containing bacteria. However, Arctic PR genes were different from those found at lower latitudes, and surprisingly, they were not similar to those in Antarctic coastal waters. Photoheterotrophic microbes appear to compete successfully with strict heterotrophs during winter darkness below the ice, but AAP bacteria and PR-containing bacteria do not behave as superior competitors during the summer. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Arctic Arctic Ocean ASM Journals (American Society for Microbiology) Antarctic Arctic Arctic Ocean Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75 15 4958 4966 |
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Open Polar |
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ASM Journals (American Society for Microbiology) |
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crasmicro |
language |
English |
description |
ABSTRACT Photoheterotrophic microbes, which are capable of utilizing dissolved organic materials and harvesting light energy, include coccoid cyanobacteria ( Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus ), aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic (AAP) bacteria, and proteorhodopsin (PR)-containing bacteria. Our knowledge of photoheterotrophic microbes is largely incomplete, especially for high-latitude waters such as the Arctic Ocean, where photoheterotrophs may have special ecological relationships and distinct biogeochemical impacts due to extremes in day length and seasonal ice cover. These microbes were examined by epifluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, and quantitative PCR (QPCR) assays for PR and a gene diagnostic of AAP bacteria ( pufM ). The abundance of AAP bacteria and PR-containing bacteria decreased from summer to winter, in parallel with a threefold decrease in the total prokaryotic community. In contrast, the abundance of Synechococcus organisms did not decrease in winter, suggesting that their growth was supported by organic substrates. Results from QPCR assays revealed no substantial shifts in the community structure of AAP bacteria and PR-containing bacteria. However, Arctic PR genes were different from those found at lower latitudes, and surprisingly, they were not similar to those in Antarctic coastal waters. Photoheterotrophic microbes appear to compete successfully with strict heterotrophs during winter darkness below the ice, but AAP bacteria and PR-containing bacteria do not behave as superior competitors during the summer. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Cottrell, Matthew T. Kirchman, David L. |
spellingShingle |
Cottrell, Matthew T. Kirchman, David L. Photoheterotrophic Microbes in the Arctic Ocean in Summer and Winter |
author_facet |
Cottrell, Matthew T. Kirchman, David L. |
author_sort |
Cottrell, Matthew T. |
title |
Photoheterotrophic Microbes in the Arctic Ocean in Summer and Winter |
title_short |
Photoheterotrophic Microbes in the Arctic Ocean in Summer and Winter |
title_full |
Photoheterotrophic Microbes in the Arctic Ocean in Summer and Winter |
title_fullStr |
Photoheterotrophic Microbes in the Arctic Ocean in Summer and Winter |
title_full_unstemmed |
Photoheterotrophic Microbes in the Arctic Ocean in Summer and Winter |
title_sort |
photoheterotrophic microbes in the arctic ocean in summer and winter |
publisher |
American Society for Microbiology |
publishDate |
2009 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00117-09 https://journals.asm.org/doi/pdf/10.1128/AEM.00117-09 |
geographic |
Antarctic Arctic Arctic Ocean |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Arctic Arctic Ocean |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Arctic Arctic Ocean |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Arctic Arctic Ocean |
op_source |
Applied and Environmental Microbiology volume 75, issue 15, page 4958-4966 ISSN 0099-2240 1098-5336 |
op_rights |
https://journals.asm.org/non-commercial-tdm-license |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.00117-09 |
container_title |
Applied and Environmental Microbiology |
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75 |
container_issue |
15 |
container_start_page |
4958 |
op_container_end_page |
4966 |
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1812808371288408064 |