Nitric Acid Trihydrate (NAT) in Polar Stratospheric Clouds
A comprehensive investigation of polar stratospheric clouds was performed on 25 January 2000 with instruments onboard a balloon gondola flown from Kiruna, Sweden. Cloud layers were repeatedly encountered at altitudes between 20 and 24 kilometers over a wide range of atmospheric temperatures (185 to...
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.290.5497.1756 https://www.science.org/doi/pdf/10.1126/science.290.5497.1756 |
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craaas:10.1126/science.290.5497.1756 2024-06-23T07:54:24+00:00 Nitric Acid Trihydrate (NAT) in Polar Stratospheric Clouds Voigt, Christiane Schreiner, Jochen Kohlmann, Andreas Zink, Peter Mauersberger, Konrad Larsen, Niels Deshler, Terry Kröger, Chris Rosen, Jim Adriani, Alberto Cairo, Francesco Donfrancesco, Guido Di Viterbini, Maurizio Ovarlez, Joelle Ovarlez, Henri David, Christine Dörnbrack, Andreas 2000 http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.290.5497.1756 https://www.science.org/doi/pdf/10.1126/science.290.5497.1756 en eng American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) Science volume 290, issue 5497, page 1756-1758 ISSN 0036-8075 1095-9203 journal-article 2000 craaas https://doi.org/10.1126/science.290.5497.1756 2024-06-13T04:01:45Z A comprehensive investigation of polar stratospheric clouds was performed on 25 January 2000 with instruments onboard a balloon gondola flown from Kiruna, Sweden. Cloud layers were repeatedly encountered at altitudes between 20 and 24 kilometers over a wide range of atmospheric temperatures (185 to 197 kelvin). Particle composition analysis showed that a large fraction of the cloud layers was composed of nitric acid trihydrate (NAT) particles, containing water and nitric acid at a molar ratio of 3:1; this confirmed that these long-sought solid crystals exist well above ice formation temperatures. The presence of NAT particles enhances the potential for chlorine activation with subsequent ozone destruction in polar regions, particularly in early and late winter. Article in Journal/Newspaper Kiruna AAAS Resource Center (American Association for the Advancement of Science) Kiruna Science 290 5497 1756 1758 |
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AAAS Resource Center (American Association for the Advancement of Science) |
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English |
description |
A comprehensive investigation of polar stratospheric clouds was performed on 25 January 2000 with instruments onboard a balloon gondola flown from Kiruna, Sweden. Cloud layers were repeatedly encountered at altitudes between 20 and 24 kilometers over a wide range of atmospheric temperatures (185 to 197 kelvin). Particle composition analysis showed that a large fraction of the cloud layers was composed of nitric acid trihydrate (NAT) particles, containing water and nitric acid at a molar ratio of 3:1; this confirmed that these long-sought solid crystals exist well above ice formation temperatures. The presence of NAT particles enhances the potential for chlorine activation with subsequent ozone destruction in polar regions, particularly in early and late winter. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Voigt, Christiane Schreiner, Jochen Kohlmann, Andreas Zink, Peter Mauersberger, Konrad Larsen, Niels Deshler, Terry Kröger, Chris Rosen, Jim Adriani, Alberto Cairo, Francesco Donfrancesco, Guido Di Viterbini, Maurizio Ovarlez, Joelle Ovarlez, Henri David, Christine Dörnbrack, Andreas |
spellingShingle |
Voigt, Christiane Schreiner, Jochen Kohlmann, Andreas Zink, Peter Mauersberger, Konrad Larsen, Niels Deshler, Terry Kröger, Chris Rosen, Jim Adriani, Alberto Cairo, Francesco Donfrancesco, Guido Di Viterbini, Maurizio Ovarlez, Joelle Ovarlez, Henri David, Christine Dörnbrack, Andreas Nitric Acid Trihydrate (NAT) in Polar Stratospheric Clouds |
author_facet |
Voigt, Christiane Schreiner, Jochen Kohlmann, Andreas Zink, Peter Mauersberger, Konrad Larsen, Niels Deshler, Terry Kröger, Chris Rosen, Jim Adriani, Alberto Cairo, Francesco Donfrancesco, Guido Di Viterbini, Maurizio Ovarlez, Joelle Ovarlez, Henri David, Christine Dörnbrack, Andreas |
author_sort |
Voigt, Christiane |
title |
Nitric Acid Trihydrate (NAT) in Polar Stratospheric Clouds |
title_short |
Nitric Acid Trihydrate (NAT) in Polar Stratospheric Clouds |
title_full |
Nitric Acid Trihydrate (NAT) in Polar Stratospheric Clouds |
title_fullStr |
Nitric Acid Trihydrate (NAT) in Polar Stratospheric Clouds |
title_full_unstemmed |
Nitric Acid Trihydrate (NAT) in Polar Stratospheric Clouds |
title_sort |
nitric acid trihydrate (nat) in polar stratospheric clouds |
publisher |
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) |
publishDate |
2000 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.290.5497.1756 https://www.science.org/doi/pdf/10.1126/science.290.5497.1756 |
geographic |
Kiruna |
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Kiruna |
genre |
Kiruna |
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Kiruna |
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Science volume 290, issue 5497, page 1756-1758 ISSN 0036-8075 1095-9203 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.290.5497.1756 |
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Science |
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290 |
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5497 |
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1756 |
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1758 |
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1802646537643229184 |