Interhemispheric Differences in Polar Stratospheric HNO 3 , H 2 O, ClO, and O 3
Simultaneous global measurements of nitric acid (HNO 3 ), water (H 2 O), chlorine monoxide (ClO), and ozone (O 3 ) in the stratosphere have been obtained over complete annual cycles in both hemispheres by the Microwave Limb Sounder on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite. A sizeable decrease in g...
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American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
1995
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.267.5199.849 https://www.science.org/doi/pdf/10.1126/science.267.5199.849 |
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craaas:10.1126/science.267.5199.849 2024-06-23T07:47:15+00:00 Interhemispheric Differences in Polar Stratospheric HNO 3 , H 2 O, ClO, and O 3 Santee, M. L. Read, W. G. Waters, J. W. Froidevaux, L. Manney, G. L. Flower, D. A. Jarnot, R. F. Harwood, R. S. Peckham, G. E. 1995 http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.267.5199.849 https://www.science.org/doi/pdf/10.1126/science.267.5199.849 en eng American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) Science volume 267, issue 5199, page 849-852 ISSN 0036-8075 1095-9203 journal-article 1995 craaas https://doi.org/10.1126/science.267.5199.849 2024-06-13T04:01:20Z Simultaneous global measurements of nitric acid (HNO 3 ), water (H 2 O), chlorine monoxide (ClO), and ozone (O 3 ) in the stratosphere have been obtained over complete annual cycles in both hemispheres by the Microwave Limb Sounder on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite. A sizeable decrease in gas-phase HNO 3 was evident in the lower stratospheric vortex over Antarctica by early June 1992, followed by a significant reduction in gas-phase H 2 O after mid-July. By mid-August, near the time of peak ClO, abundances of gas-phase HNO 3 and H 2 O were extremely low. The concentrations of HNO 3 and H 2 O over Antarctica remained depressed into November, well after temperatures in the lower stratosphere had risen above the evaporation threshold for polar stratospheric clouds, implying that denitrification and dehydration had occurred. No large decreases in either gas-phase HNO 3 or H 2 O were observed in the 1992-1993 Arctic winter vortex. Although ClO was enhanced over the Arctic as it was over the Antarctic, Arctic O 3 depletion was substantially smaller than that over Antarctica. A major factor currently limiting the formation of an Arctic ozone "hole" is the lack of denitrification in the northern polar vortex, but future cooling of the lower stratosphere could lead to more intense denitrification and consequently larger losses of Arctic ozone. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica Arctic AAAS Resource Center (American Association for the Advancement of Science) Antarctic Arctic The Antarctic Science 267 5199 849 852 |
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Open Polar |
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AAAS Resource Center (American Association for the Advancement of Science) |
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craaas |
language |
English |
description |
Simultaneous global measurements of nitric acid (HNO 3 ), water (H 2 O), chlorine monoxide (ClO), and ozone (O 3 ) in the stratosphere have been obtained over complete annual cycles in both hemispheres by the Microwave Limb Sounder on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite. A sizeable decrease in gas-phase HNO 3 was evident in the lower stratospheric vortex over Antarctica by early June 1992, followed by a significant reduction in gas-phase H 2 O after mid-July. By mid-August, near the time of peak ClO, abundances of gas-phase HNO 3 and H 2 O were extremely low. The concentrations of HNO 3 and H 2 O over Antarctica remained depressed into November, well after temperatures in the lower stratosphere had risen above the evaporation threshold for polar stratospheric clouds, implying that denitrification and dehydration had occurred. No large decreases in either gas-phase HNO 3 or H 2 O were observed in the 1992-1993 Arctic winter vortex. Although ClO was enhanced over the Arctic as it was over the Antarctic, Arctic O 3 depletion was substantially smaller than that over Antarctica. A major factor currently limiting the formation of an Arctic ozone "hole" is the lack of denitrification in the northern polar vortex, but future cooling of the lower stratosphere could lead to more intense denitrification and consequently larger losses of Arctic ozone. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Santee, M. L. Read, W. G. Waters, J. W. Froidevaux, L. Manney, G. L. Flower, D. A. Jarnot, R. F. Harwood, R. S. Peckham, G. E. |
spellingShingle |
Santee, M. L. Read, W. G. Waters, J. W. Froidevaux, L. Manney, G. L. Flower, D. A. Jarnot, R. F. Harwood, R. S. Peckham, G. E. Interhemispheric Differences in Polar Stratospheric HNO 3 , H 2 O, ClO, and O 3 |
author_facet |
Santee, M. L. Read, W. G. Waters, J. W. Froidevaux, L. Manney, G. L. Flower, D. A. Jarnot, R. F. Harwood, R. S. Peckham, G. E. |
author_sort |
Santee, M. L. |
title |
Interhemispheric Differences in Polar Stratospheric HNO 3 , H 2 O, ClO, and O 3 |
title_short |
Interhemispheric Differences in Polar Stratospheric HNO 3 , H 2 O, ClO, and O 3 |
title_full |
Interhemispheric Differences in Polar Stratospheric HNO 3 , H 2 O, ClO, and O 3 |
title_fullStr |
Interhemispheric Differences in Polar Stratospheric HNO 3 , H 2 O, ClO, and O 3 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Interhemispheric Differences in Polar Stratospheric HNO 3 , H 2 O, ClO, and O 3 |
title_sort |
interhemispheric differences in polar stratospheric hno 3 , h 2 o, clo, and o 3 |
publisher |
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) |
publishDate |
1995 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.267.5199.849 https://www.science.org/doi/pdf/10.1126/science.267.5199.849 |
geographic |
Antarctic Arctic The Antarctic |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Arctic The Antarctic |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica Arctic |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica Arctic |
op_source |
Science volume 267, issue 5199, page 849-852 ISSN 0036-8075 1095-9203 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.267.5199.849 |
container_title |
Science |
container_volume |
267 |
container_issue |
5199 |
container_start_page |
849 |
op_container_end_page |
852 |
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1802651337726361600 |