Antarctic Stratospheric Chemistry of Chlorine Nitrate, Hydrogen Chloride, and Ice: Release of Active Chlorine
The reaction rate between atmospheric hydrogen chloride (HCl) and chlorine nitrate (ClONO 2 ) is greatly enhanced in the presence of ice particles; HCl dissolves readily into ice, and the collisional reaction probability for ClONO 2 on the surface of ice with HCl in the mole fraction range from ∼0.0...
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American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
1987
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.238.4831.1253 https://www.science.org/doi/pdf/10.1126/science.238.4831.1253 |
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craaas:10.1126/science.238.4831.1253 2024-09-15T17:41:00+00:00 Antarctic Stratospheric Chemistry of Chlorine Nitrate, Hydrogen Chloride, and Ice: Release of Active Chlorine Molina, Mario J. Tso, Tai-Ly Molina, Luisa T. Wang, Frank C.-Y. 1987 http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.238.4831.1253 https://www.science.org/doi/pdf/10.1126/science.238.4831.1253 en eng American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) Science volume 238, issue 4831, page 1253-1257 ISSN 0036-8075 1095-9203 journal-article 1987 craaas https://doi.org/10.1126/science.238.4831.1253 2024-08-01T04:01:24Z The reaction rate between atmospheric hydrogen chloride (HCl) and chlorine nitrate (ClONO 2 ) is greatly enhanced in the presence of ice particles; HCl dissolves readily into ice, and the collisional reaction probability for ClONO 2 on the surface of ice with HCl in the mole fraction range from ∼0.003 to 0.010 is in the range from ∼0.05 to 0.1 for temperatures near 200 K. Chlorine (Cl 2 ) is released into the gas phase on a time scale of at most a few milliseconds, whereas nitric acid (HNO 3 ), the other product, remains in the condensed phase. This reaction could play an important role in explaining the observed depletion of ozone over Antarctica; it releases photolytically active chlorine from its most abundant reservoir species, and it promotes the formation of HNO 3 and thus removes nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) from the gas phase. Hence it establishes the necessary conditions for the efficient catalytic destruction of ozone by halogenated free radicals. In the absence of HCl, ClONO 2 also reacts irreversibly with ice with a collision efficiency of ∼0.02 at 200 K; the product hypochlorous acid (HOCI) is released to the gas phase on a time scale of minutes. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica AAAS Resource Center (American Association for the Advancement of Science) Science 238 4831 1253 1257 |
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Open Polar |
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AAAS Resource Center (American Association for the Advancement of Science) |
op_collection_id |
craaas |
language |
English |
description |
The reaction rate between atmospheric hydrogen chloride (HCl) and chlorine nitrate (ClONO 2 ) is greatly enhanced in the presence of ice particles; HCl dissolves readily into ice, and the collisional reaction probability for ClONO 2 on the surface of ice with HCl in the mole fraction range from ∼0.003 to 0.010 is in the range from ∼0.05 to 0.1 for temperatures near 200 K. Chlorine (Cl 2 ) is released into the gas phase on a time scale of at most a few milliseconds, whereas nitric acid (HNO 3 ), the other product, remains in the condensed phase. This reaction could play an important role in explaining the observed depletion of ozone over Antarctica; it releases photolytically active chlorine from its most abundant reservoir species, and it promotes the formation of HNO 3 and thus removes nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) from the gas phase. Hence it establishes the necessary conditions for the efficient catalytic destruction of ozone by halogenated free radicals. In the absence of HCl, ClONO 2 also reacts irreversibly with ice with a collision efficiency of ∼0.02 at 200 K; the product hypochlorous acid (HOCI) is released to the gas phase on a time scale of minutes. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Molina, Mario J. Tso, Tai-Ly Molina, Luisa T. Wang, Frank C.-Y. |
spellingShingle |
Molina, Mario J. Tso, Tai-Ly Molina, Luisa T. Wang, Frank C.-Y. Antarctic Stratospheric Chemistry of Chlorine Nitrate, Hydrogen Chloride, and Ice: Release of Active Chlorine |
author_facet |
Molina, Mario J. Tso, Tai-Ly Molina, Luisa T. Wang, Frank C.-Y. |
author_sort |
Molina, Mario J. |
title |
Antarctic Stratospheric Chemistry of Chlorine Nitrate, Hydrogen Chloride, and Ice: Release of Active Chlorine |
title_short |
Antarctic Stratospheric Chemistry of Chlorine Nitrate, Hydrogen Chloride, and Ice: Release of Active Chlorine |
title_full |
Antarctic Stratospheric Chemistry of Chlorine Nitrate, Hydrogen Chloride, and Ice: Release of Active Chlorine |
title_fullStr |
Antarctic Stratospheric Chemistry of Chlorine Nitrate, Hydrogen Chloride, and Ice: Release of Active Chlorine |
title_full_unstemmed |
Antarctic Stratospheric Chemistry of Chlorine Nitrate, Hydrogen Chloride, and Ice: Release of Active Chlorine |
title_sort |
antarctic stratospheric chemistry of chlorine nitrate, hydrogen chloride, and ice: release of active chlorine |
publisher |
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) |
publishDate |
1987 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.238.4831.1253 https://www.science.org/doi/pdf/10.1126/science.238.4831.1253 |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica |
op_source |
Science volume 238, issue 4831, page 1253-1257 ISSN 0036-8075 1095-9203 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.238.4831.1253 |
container_title |
Science |
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238 |
container_issue |
4831 |
container_start_page |
1253 |
op_container_end_page |
1257 |
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1810487063034724352 |