The role of iron-rich hydrosaline liquids in the formation of Kiruna-type iron oxide–apatite deposits
Kiruna-type iron oxide–apatite (IOA) deposits, an important source of iron, show close associations with andesitic subvolcanic intrusions. However, the processes of ore formation and the mechanism controlling iron concentration remain uncertain. Here, we report the widespread presence of high-temper...
Published in: | Science Advances |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
2024
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adk2174 https://www.science.org/doi/pdf/10.1126/sciadv.adk2174 |
id |
craaas:10.1126/sciadv.adk2174 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
craaas:10.1126/sciadv.adk2174 2024-06-09T07:47:29+00:00 The role of iron-rich hydrosaline liquids in the formation of Kiruna-type iron oxide–apatite deposits Zeng, Li-Ping Zhao, Xin-Fu Spandler, Carl Mavrogenes, John A. Mernagh, Terrence P. Liao, Wang Fan, Yi-Zhe Hu, Yi Fu, Bin Li, Jian-Wei 2024 http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adk2174 https://www.science.org/doi/pdf/10.1126/sciadv.adk2174 en eng American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) Science Advances volume 10, issue 17 ISSN 2375-2548 journal-article 2024 craaas https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adk2174 2024-05-16T12:55:59Z Kiruna-type iron oxide–apatite (IOA) deposits, an important source of iron, show close associations with andesitic subvolcanic intrusions. However, the processes of ore formation and the mechanism controlling iron concentration remain uncertain. Here, we report the widespread presence of high-temperature (>800°C) water-poor multisolid hydrosaline liquid inclusions in pre- and syn-ore minerals from IOA deposits of eastern China. These inclusions consistently homogenize to a liquid phase by vapor disappearance and mostly contain 3 to 10 wt % Fe, signifying a substantial capacity for iron transportation by such hydrosaline liquids. We propose that the hydrosaline liquids were likely immiscible from the dioritic magmas with high Cl/H 2 O in subvolcanic settings. Subsequent reaction with host rocks and/or decompression and cooling of the hydrosaline liquids is deemed responsible for the simultaneous formation of high-temperature alteration and magnetite ores, thereby providing important insights into the distinctive characteristics of IOA deposits in shallow magmatic-hydrothermal systems. Article in Journal/Newspaper Kiruna AAAS Resource Center (American Association for the Advancement of Science) Kiruna Science Advances 10 17 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
AAAS Resource Center (American Association for the Advancement of Science) |
op_collection_id |
craaas |
language |
English |
description |
Kiruna-type iron oxide–apatite (IOA) deposits, an important source of iron, show close associations with andesitic subvolcanic intrusions. However, the processes of ore formation and the mechanism controlling iron concentration remain uncertain. Here, we report the widespread presence of high-temperature (>800°C) water-poor multisolid hydrosaline liquid inclusions in pre- and syn-ore minerals from IOA deposits of eastern China. These inclusions consistently homogenize to a liquid phase by vapor disappearance and mostly contain 3 to 10 wt % Fe, signifying a substantial capacity for iron transportation by such hydrosaline liquids. We propose that the hydrosaline liquids were likely immiscible from the dioritic magmas with high Cl/H 2 O in subvolcanic settings. Subsequent reaction with host rocks and/or decompression and cooling of the hydrosaline liquids is deemed responsible for the simultaneous formation of high-temperature alteration and magnetite ores, thereby providing important insights into the distinctive characteristics of IOA deposits in shallow magmatic-hydrothermal systems. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Zeng, Li-Ping Zhao, Xin-Fu Spandler, Carl Mavrogenes, John A. Mernagh, Terrence P. Liao, Wang Fan, Yi-Zhe Hu, Yi Fu, Bin Li, Jian-Wei |
spellingShingle |
Zeng, Li-Ping Zhao, Xin-Fu Spandler, Carl Mavrogenes, John A. Mernagh, Terrence P. Liao, Wang Fan, Yi-Zhe Hu, Yi Fu, Bin Li, Jian-Wei The role of iron-rich hydrosaline liquids in the formation of Kiruna-type iron oxide–apatite deposits |
author_facet |
Zeng, Li-Ping Zhao, Xin-Fu Spandler, Carl Mavrogenes, John A. Mernagh, Terrence P. Liao, Wang Fan, Yi-Zhe Hu, Yi Fu, Bin Li, Jian-Wei |
author_sort |
Zeng, Li-Ping |
title |
The role of iron-rich hydrosaline liquids in the formation of Kiruna-type iron oxide–apatite deposits |
title_short |
The role of iron-rich hydrosaline liquids in the formation of Kiruna-type iron oxide–apatite deposits |
title_full |
The role of iron-rich hydrosaline liquids in the formation of Kiruna-type iron oxide–apatite deposits |
title_fullStr |
The role of iron-rich hydrosaline liquids in the formation of Kiruna-type iron oxide–apatite deposits |
title_full_unstemmed |
The role of iron-rich hydrosaline liquids in the formation of Kiruna-type iron oxide–apatite deposits |
title_sort |
role of iron-rich hydrosaline liquids in the formation of kiruna-type iron oxide–apatite deposits |
publisher |
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) |
publishDate |
2024 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adk2174 https://www.science.org/doi/pdf/10.1126/sciadv.adk2174 |
geographic |
Kiruna |
geographic_facet |
Kiruna |
genre |
Kiruna |
genre_facet |
Kiruna |
op_source |
Science Advances volume 10, issue 17 ISSN 2375-2548 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adk2174 |
container_title |
Science Advances |
container_volume |
10 |
container_issue |
17 |
_version_ |
1801378591656640512 |