Eruption of the Nevado del Ruiz Volcano, Colombia, On 13 November 1985: Tephra Fall and Lahars

A small Plinian eruption of the Nevado del Ruiz volcano in Colombia ejected 3.5 × 10 10 kilograms of mixed dacite and andesite tephra on 13 November 1985, with a maximum column height of 31 kilometers above sea level. Small pyroclastic flows and surges, generated during the initial stage of the erup...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Science
Main Authors: Naranjo, J. L., Sigurdsson, H., Carey, S. N., Fritz, W.
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:English
Published: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) 1986
Subjects:
Ice cap
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1126/science.233.4767.961
https://www.science.org/doi/pdf/10.1126/science.233.4767.961
Description
Summary:A small Plinian eruption of the Nevado del Ruiz volcano in Colombia ejected 3.5 × 10 10 kilograms of mixed dacite and andesite tephra on 13 November 1985, with a maximum column height of 31 kilometers above sea level. Small pyroclastic flows and surges, generated during the initial stage of the eruption, caused surface melting of approximately 10% of the volcano's ice cap, leading to meltwater floods. The erosive floods incorporated soils and loose sediments from the volcano's flanks and developed into lahars, which claimed at least 25,000 lives.

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