Pharmacology
Pharmacology is the science of drugs and medications, including a substance's origin, composition, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, therapeutic use, and toxicology. More specifically, it is the study of the interactions that occur between a living organism and chemicals that affect normal or abnormal biochemical function. If substances have medicinal properties, they are considered pharmaceuticals.The field encompasses drug composition and properties, functions, sources, synthesis and drug design, molecular and cellular mechanisms, organ/systems mechanisms, signal transduction/cellular communication, molecular diagnostics, interactions, chemical biology, therapy, and medical applications and antipathogenic capabilities. The two main areas of pharmacology are pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. Pharmacodynamics studies the effects of a drug on biological systems, and pharmacokinetics studies the effects of biological systems on a drug. In broad terms, pharmacodynamics discusses the chemicals with biological receptors, and pharmacokinetics discusses the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of chemicals from the biological systems.
Pharmacology is not synonymous with pharmacy and the two terms are frequently confused. Pharmacology, a biomedical science, deals with the research, discovery, and characterization of chemicals which show biological effects and the elucidation of cellular and organismal function in relation to these chemicals. In contrast, pharmacy, a health services profession, is concerned with the application of the principles learned from pharmacology in its clinical settings; whether it be in a dispensing or clinical care role. In either field, the primary contrast between the two is their distinctions between direct-patient care, pharmacy practice, and the science-oriented research field, driven by pharmacology. Provided by Wikipedia
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5by Torsdottir, Gudlaug, Gudmundsson, Gretar, Kristinsson, Jakob, Snaedal, Jon, Johannesson, TorkellContributors: “...Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology...”
Published 2009
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6by Cheng, YZ (Cheng, Yung-Ze), Chen, LJ (Chen, Li-Jen), Lee, WJ (Lee, Wei-Jing), Chen, MF (Chen, Mei-Fen), Lin, HJ (Lin, Hung Jung), Cheng, JT (Cheng, Juei-Tang)Contributors: “...Department of Pharmacology...”
Published in Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2012)
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8by Sabaté, Mònica, Ferrer, Pili, Ballarín, Elena, Rottenkolber, Marietta, Amelio, Justyne, Schmiedl, Sven, Reynolds, Robert, Klungel, Olaf, Ibáñez, Luisa, PROTECT Work Package 2, de Vries, FrankContributors: “...Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology...”
Published 2015
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9by Gudmundsson, L S, Johannsson, M, Thorgeirsson, G, Sigfusson, N, Sigvaldason, H, Witteman, J C MContributors: “...Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland....”
Published in Journal of Human Hypertension (2009)
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10Ceruloplasmin and iron in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease: a synopsis of recent studies.by Kristinsson, Jakob, Snaedal, Jón, Tórsdóttir, Gudlaug, Jóhannesson, TorkellContributors: “...Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland....”
Published in Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment (2013)
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11Contributors: “...Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology...”
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12by Thengilsdottir, Gudrun, Pottegard, Anton, Almarsdottir, Anna B., Gardarsdottir, HelgaContributors: “...Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology...”
Published 2014
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13Contributors: “...Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology...”
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14Contributors: “...Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology...”
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15Contributors: “...Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology...”
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16Contributors: “...Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology...”
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17by Kristinsson, Jakob, Palsson, Runolfur, Gudjonsdottir, Gudborg A, Blondal, Margret, Gudmundsson, Sigurdur, Snook, Curtis PContributors: “...Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland....”
Published in Clinical Toxicology (2009)
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18by Kowalec, KaarinaContributors: “...Minuk, Gerald Y. (Pharmacology) Ball, T. Blake (Medical Microbiology)...”
Published 2011
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19by Kowalec, KaarinaContributors: “...Minuk, Gerald Y. (Pharmacology) Ball, T. Blake (Medical Microbiology)...”
Published 2011
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20by Gudmundsson, Larus S, Scher, Ann I, Aspelund, Thor, Eliasson, Jon H, Johannsson, Magnus, Thorgeirsson, Gudmundur, Launer, Lenore, Gudnason, VilmundurContributors: “...Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Iceland, Hagi Hofsvallagata 53, IS-107...”
Published in BMJ (2010)
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