ExxonMobil
![Floating cube at ExxonMobil headquarters near [[Spring, Texas]]](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/Cube_xom_mine.png)
The company’s history traces its earliest roots to 1866, with the formation of the Vacuum Oil Company, itself acquired by Standard Oil in 1879. The company that is today known as ExxonMobil grew out of the Standard Oil Company of New Jersey (or Jersey Standard for short), the corporate entity which effectively controlled all of Standard Oil prior to its breakup. Jersey Standard grew alongside and with extensive partnership another Standard Oil descendant and its future merger partner, the Standard Oil Company of New York (Socony), both of which grew bigger by merging with various third companies like Humble Oil (which merged with Jersey Standard) and Vacuum Oil (merged with Socony). Both companies underwent rebranding in the 1960s and early 1970s, and by the time of the 1999 merger, Jersey Standard had been known as Exxon, and Socony known as Mobil. The merger agreement between Exxon and Mobil stipulated that Exxon would buy Mobil and rebrand as ExxonMobil, with Mobil's CEO becoming the vice-chairman of the company. The archival records of the company and its predecessors dating back to the 1970s are held by The Center for American History at The University of Texas at Austin.
ExxonMobil is one of the world's largest and most powerful companies, and the largest investor-owned oil company in the world. Since its merger, the company has varied from the first to tenth largest publicly traded company by revenue, and has one of the largest market capitalizations out of any company. As of 2023, in the most recent rankings released in the ''Fortune'' 500, ExxonMobil was ranked third, and twelfth on the ''Fortune'' Global 500. The company is furthermore the largest oil company headquartered in the Western world, and the largest of the Big Oil companies in both production and market value. Its reserves were 20 billion BOE at the end of 2016 and the 2007 rates of production were expected to last more than 14 years. With 21 oil refineries constituting a combined daily refining capacity of , ExxonMobil is the second largest oil refiner in the world, trailing only Sinopec. Approximately 55.56% of the company's shares are held by institutions, the largest of which as of 2019 were The Vanguard Group (8.15%), BlackRock (6.61%), and State Street Corporation (4.83%).
ExxonMobil has been widely criticized, mostly for environmental incidents and its history of climate change denial against the scientific consensus that fossil fuels significantly contribute to global warming. The company is responsible for many oil spills, the largest and most notable of which was the ''Exxon Valdez'' oil spill in Alaska and itself considered to be one of the world's worst oil spills in terms of damage to the environment. The company has also been the target of accusations of human rights violations, excessive influence on America's foreign policy, and its impact on various societies across the world.
Provided by Wikipedia
-
1by Riedel, Michael, Dallimore, Scott, Wamsteeker, Michael, Taylor, Gary, King, Edward L., Rohr, Kristin M. M., Hong, Jong Kuk, Jin, Young Keun, Dallimore, Scott; 2 Natural Resources Canada Geological Survey of Canada Sidney British Columbia Canada, Wamsteeker, Michael; 3 ExxonMobil Calgary Alberta Canada, Taylor, Gary; 4 Formerly Imperial Oil Resources Calgary Alberta Canada, King, Edward L.; 5 Natural Resources Canada Geological Survey of Canada Dartmouth Nova Scotia Canada, Rohr, Kristin M. M.; 2 Natural Resources Canada Geological Survey of Canada Sidney British Columbia Canada, Hong, Jong Kuk; 6 Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI) Incheon South Korea, Jin, Young Keun; 6 Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI) Incheon South KoreaGet access
Published in Earth Surface Processes and Landforms (2021)
Get access
Article in Journal/Newspaper -
2by Nachtigall, Paul E., Supin, Alexander Ya, Estaban, Jose-Antonio, Pacini, Aude F.Contributors: “...Exxon Mobil Corporation...”
Published in Journal of Comparative Physiology A (2015)
Get access
Get access
Get access
Get access
Article in Journal/Newspaper -
3by Benfield, Mark C., Kupchik, Matthew J., Palandro, David A., Dupont, Jennifer M., Blake, James A., Winchell, PaulaContributors: “...ExxonMobil Corporation...”
Published in Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers (2019)
Get access
Get access
Get access
Article in Journal/Newspaper -
4by Montelli, RaffaellaContributors: “...ExxonMobil Upstream Research Company...”
Published 2003
Get access
Get access
Get access
Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis -
5by Conradi, Mark S., Altobelli, Stephen A., Sowko, Nicholas J., Conradi, Susan H., Fukushima, EiichiContributors: “...ExxonMobil Upstream Research Company...”
Published in Journal of Magnetic Resonance (2018)
Get access
Get access
Get access
Article in Journal/Newspaper -
6Contributors: “...ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company...”
Get access
Get access
Other/Unknown Material -
7by Prichard, Alexander K., Lawhead, Brian E., Lenart, Elizabeth A., Welch, Joseph H.Contributors: “...Exxon Mobil Corporation...”
Published in The Journal of Wildlife Management (2020)
Get access
Get access
Get access
Get access
Article in Journal/Newspaper -
8by Zhang, Feng, Yang, Zhaohui (Joey), Still, Benjamin, Wang, Jiahui, Yu, Haolin, Zubeck, Hannele, Petersen, Todd, Aleshire, LynnContributors: “...ExxonMobil...”
Published in Cold Regions Science and Technology (2018)
Get access
Get access
Get access
Article in Journal/Newspaper -
9by Simon, A., Yogodzinski, G.M., Robertson, K., Smith, E., Selyangin, O., Kiryukhin, A., Mulcahy, S.R., Walker, J.D.Contributors: “...ExxonMobil...”
Published in Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (2014)
Get access
Get access
Get access
Article in Journal/Newspaper -
10by Montelli, RaffaellaContributors: “...ExxonMobil Upstream Research Company...”
Published 2003
Get access
Get access
Thesis -
11by Montelli, RaffaellaContributors: “...ExxonMobil Upstream Research Company...”
Published 2003
Get access
Get access
Get access
Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis -
12by Hryniewicz, Krzysztof, Hagström, Jonas, Hammer, Øyvind, Kaim, Andrzej, Little, Crispin T.S., Nakrem, Hans ArneContributors: “...ExxonMobilRussia...”
Published in Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology (2015)
Get access
Get access
Get access
Article in Journal/Newspaper -
13by Montelli, RaffaellaContributors: “...ExxonMobil Upstream Research Company...”
Published 2003
Get access
Get access
Get access
Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis -
14by van den Berg, Gideon L., Vermeulen, Els, Valenzuela, Luciano O., Bérubé, Martine, Ganswindt, Andre, Gröcke, Darren R., Hall, Grant, Hulva, Pavel, Neveceralova, Petra, Palsbøll, Per J., Carroll, Emma L.Contributors: “...Exxon Mobil Corporation...”
Published in Global Change Biology (2020)
Get access
Get access
Get access
Get access
Article in Journal/Newspaper -
15
-
16by Vetter, Lael, Spero, Howard J., Eggins, Stephen M., Williams, Carlie, Flower, Benjamin P.Contributors: “...ExxonMobil Student Research Grant...”
Published in Quaternary Science Reviews (2017)
Get access
Get access
Get access
Article in Journal/Newspaper -
17by Bejarano, Adriana C., Gardiner, William W., Barron, Mace G., Word, Jack Q.Contributors: “...ExxonMobil Upstream Research Company...”
Published in Marine Pollution Bulletin (2017)
Get access
Get access
Get access
Article in Journal/Newspaper -
18by Hammer, Øyvind, Nakrem, Hans A., Little, Crispin T.S., Hryniewicz, Krzysztof, Sandy, Michael R., Hurum, Jørn H., Druckenmiller, Patrick, Knutsen, Espen M., Høyberget, MagneContributors: “...ExxonMobil...”
Published in Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology (2011)
Get access
Get access
Get access
Article in Journal/Newspaper -
19by Farmer, J.R., Hertzberg, J.E., Cardinal, Damien, Fietz, Susanne, Hendry, K. R., Jaccard, Samuel L., Paytan, Adina, Rafter, Patrick, Ren, H., Somes, Christoper J., Sutton, Jill N., Calvo, Eva María, GEOTRACES-PAGES Biological Productivity Working Group MembersContributors: “...Exxon Mobil Corporation...”
Published in Global Biogeochemical Cycles (2021)
Get access
Get access
Get access
Get access
Get access
Get access
Get access
Article in Journal/Newspaper -
20by Ribicic, Deni, Netzer, Roman, Winkler, Anika, Brakstad, Odd GunnarContributors: “...ExxonMobil Exploration and Production Norway AS...”
Published in Marine Pollution Bulletin (2018)
Get access
Get access
Get access
Article in Journal/Newspaper