Environmental science
Environmental science is an interdisciplinary academic field that integrates physics, biology, meteorology, mathematics and geography (including ecology, chemistry, plant science, zoology, mineralogy, oceanography, limnology, soil science, geology and physical geography, and atmospheric science) to the study of the environment, and the solution of environmental problems. Environmental science emerged from the fields of natural history and medicine during the Enlightenment. Today it provides an integrated, quantitative, and interdisciplinary approach to the study of environmental systems.Environmental studies incorporates more of the social sciences for understanding human relationships, perceptions and policies towards the environment. Environmental engineering focuses on design and technology for improving environmental quality in every aspect.
Environmental scientists seek to understand the earth's physical, chemical, biological, and geological processes, and to use that knowledge to understand how issues such as alternative energy systems, pollution control and mitigation, natural resource management, and the effects of global warming and climate change influence and affect the natural systems and processes of earth. Environmental issues almost always include an interaction of physical, chemical, and biological processes. Environmental scientists bring a systems approach to the analysis of environmental problems. Key elements of an effective environmental scientist include the ability to relate space, and time relationships as well as quantitative analysis.
Environmental science came alive as a substantive, active field of scientific investigation in the 1960s and 1970s driven by (a) the need for a multi-disciplinary approach to analyze complex environmental problems, (b) the arrival of substantive environmental laws requiring specific environmental protocols of investigation and (c) the growing public awareness of a need for action in addressing environmental problems. Events that spurred this development included the publication of Rachel Carson's landmark environmental book ''Silent Spring'' along with major environmental issues becoming very public, such as the 1969 Santa Barbara oil spill, and the Cuyahoga River of Cleveland, Ohio, "catching fire" (also in 1969), and helped increase the visibility of environmental issues and create this new field of study. Provided by Wikipedia
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1by Niel Verbrigghe (Research Group Plants and Ecosystems, University of Antwerp), Niki I. W. Leblans (Research Group Plants and Ecosystems, University of Antwerp), Bjarni D. Sigurdsson (Faculty of Environmental and Forest Sciences, Agricultural University of Iceland), Sara Vicca (Research Group Plants and Ecosystems, University of Antwerp), Chao Fang (Research Group Plants and Ecosystems, University of Antwerp), Lucia Fuchslueger (Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna), Jennifer L. Soong (Research Group Plants and Ecosystems, University of Antwerp), James T. Weedon (Systems Ecology, Department of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam), Christopher Poeplau (Thünen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture), Cristina Ariza-Carricondo (Research Group Plants and Ecosystems, University of Antwerp), Michael Bahn (Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck), Bertrand Guenet (Laboratoire de Géologie, École normale supérieure/CNRS, PSL Research University), Per Gundersen (Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen), Gunnhildur E. Gunnarsdóttir (Soil Conservation Service of Iceland), Thomas Kätterer (Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences), Zhanfeng Liu (Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems & CAS Engineering Laboratory for Vegetation Ecosystem Restoration on Islands and Coastal Zones, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences), Marja Maljanen (Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland), Sara Marañón-Jiménez (CREAF), Kathiravan Meeran (Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck), Edda S. Oddsdóttir (Icelandic Forest Research), Ivika Ostonen (Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu), Josep Peñuelas (CREAF), Andreas Richter (Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna), Jordi Sardans (CREAF), Páll Sigurðsson (Faculty of Environmental and Forest Sciences, Agricultural University of Iceland), Margaret S. Torn (Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Berkeley Lab), Peter M. Van Bodegom (Environmental Biology Department, Institute of Environmental Sciences, CML, Leiden University), Erik Verbruggen (Research Group Plants and Ecosystems, University of Antwerp), Tom W. N. Walker (Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich), Håkan Wallander (MEMEG, Department of Biology, Lund University), Ivan A. Janssens (Research Group Plants and Ecosystems, University of Antwerp)Get access
Published in Biogeosciences (2022)
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2by H. J. D. Thomas (School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh), A. D. Bjorkman (School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh), I. H. Myers-Smith (School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh), S. C. Elmendorf (Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado), J. Kattge (Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry), S. Diaz (Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET), M. Vellend (Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke), D. Blok (Dutch Research Council), J. H. C. Cornelissen (Systems Ecology, Department of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit), B. C. Forbes (Arctic Centre, University of Lapland), G. H. R. Henry (Department of Geography, University of British Columbia), R. D. Hollister (Biology Department, Grand Valley State University), S. Normand (Department of Biology, Aarhus University), J. S. Prevéy (WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF), C. Rixen (WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF), G. Schaepman-Strub (Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich), M. Wilmking (Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Greifswald University), S. Wipf (WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF), W. K. Cornwell (Ecology and Evolution Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales), P. S. A. Beck (European Commission, Joint Research Centre), D. Georges (School of Geosciences, University of Edinburg), S. J. Goetz (School of Informatics, Computing and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University), K. C. Guay (Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences), N. Rüger (German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv)), N. A. Soudzilovskaia (Environmental Biology Department, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University), M. J. Spasojevic (Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California Riverside), J. M. Alatalo (Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University), H. D. Alexander (Department of Forestry, Forest and Wildlife Research Center, Mississippi State University), A. Anadon-Rosell (Biodiversity Research Institute, University of Barcelona), S. Angers-Blondin (School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh), M. te Beest (Environmental Sciences, Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University), L. T. Berner (School of Informatics, Computing and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University), R. G. Björk (Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg), A. Buchwal (Adam Mickiewicz University), A. Buras (Land Surface-Atmosphere Interactions, Technische Universität München), M. Carbognani (Deptartment of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma), K. S. Christie (Alaska Department of Fish and Game), L. S. Collier (Department of Biology, Memorial University), E. J. Cooper (Deptartment of Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty of Bioscences Fisheries and Economics, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway), B. Elberling (Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen), A. Eskelinen (German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv)), E. R. Frei (Department of Geography, University of British Columbia), O. Grau (CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB), P. Grogan (Department of Biology, Queen’s University), M. Hallinger (Biology Department, Swedish Agricultural University (SLU)), M. M. P. D. Heijmans (Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Wageningen University and Research), L. Hermanutz (Department of Biology, Memorial University), J. M. G. Hudson (British Columbia Public Service), J. F. Johnstone (Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan), K. Hülber (Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna), M. Iturrate-Garcia (Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich), C. M. Iversen (Climate Change Science Institute and Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory), F. Jaroszynska (WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF), E. Kaarlejarvi (Biodiversity Research Institute, University of Barcelona), A. Kulonen (WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF), L. J. Lamarque (Département des Sciences de l’environnement et Centre d’Études nordiques, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivière), T. C. Lantz (School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria), E. Lévesque (Département des Sciences de l’environnement et Centre d’Études nordiques, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivière), C. J. Little (Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich), A. Michelsen (Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen), A. Milbau (Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO)), J. Nabe-Nielsen (Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University), S. S. Nielsen (Department of Biology, Aarhus University), J. M. Ninot (Biodiversity Research Institute, University of Barcelona), S. F. Oberbauer (Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University), J. Olofsson (Department of Ecology and Environmental Science Umeå University), V. G. Onipchenko (Department of Ecology and Plant Geography, Moscow State Lomonosov University), A. Petraglia (Deptartment of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma), S. B. Rumpf (Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna), R. Shetti (Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Greifswald University), J. D. M. Speed (Department of Natural History, NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology), K. N. Suding (Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado), K. D. Tape (Institute of Northern Engineering, University of Alaska), M. Tomaselli (Deptartment of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma), A. J. Trant (School of Environment, Resources and Sustainability, University of Waterloo), U. A. Treier (Department of Biology, Aarhus University), M. Tremblay (Département des Sciences de l’environnement et Centre d’Études nordiques, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivière), S. E. Venn (Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University), T. Vowles (Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg), S. Weijers (Department of Geography, University of Bonn), P. A. Wookey (Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling), T. J. Zamin (Department of Biology, Queen’s University), M. Bahn (Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck), B. Blonder (Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford), P. M. van Bodegom (Environmental Biology Department, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University), B. Bond-Lamberty (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Joint Global Change Research Institute), G. Campetella (School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine- Plant Diversity and Ecosystems Management Unit, Univeristy of Camerino), B. E. L. Cerabolini (DBSV-University of Insubria), F. S. Chapin (Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks), J. M. Craine (Jonah Ventures), M. Dainese (7Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, University of Würzburg), W. A. Green (Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University), S. Jansen (Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Ulm University), M. Kleyer (1Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Oldenburg), P. Manning (Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre), Ü. Niinemets (3Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences), Y. Onoda (Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University), W. A. Ozinga (Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Wageningen University and Research), J. Peñuelas (CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB), P. Poschlod (Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Regensburg), P. B. Reich (Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota), B. Sandel (Department of Biology, Santa Clara University), B. S. Schamp (0Department of Biology, Algoma University), S. N. Sheremetiev (Komarov Botanical Institute), F. T. de Vries (Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam)Get access
Published in Nature Communications (2020)
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3by Umbanhowar, Charles E, Camill, Philip, Edlund, Mark, Hobbs, Will O, Geiss, Christoph, Stefanova, Vania, Lynch, Jason AContributors: “...Division of Environmental Biology...”
Published in The Holocene (2024)
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4by Bruto, Maxime, Labreuche, Yannick, James, Adèle, Piel, Damien, Chenivesse, Sabine, Petton, Bruno, Polz, Martin F, Le Roux, FrédériqueContributors: “...NSF | BIO | Division of Environmental Biology...”
Published in The ISME Journal (2018)
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5Contributors: “...Division of Environmental Biology...”
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6by Botsch, Jamieson C., Zaveri, Aayush N., Nell, Lucas A., McCormick, Amanda R., Book, K. Riley, Phillips, Joseph S., Einarsson, Árni, Ives, Anthony R.Contributors: “...Division of Environmental Biology...”
Published in Global Change Biology (2023)
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7Contributors: “...Division of Environmental Biology...”
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8Contributors: “...Division of Environmental Biology...”
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9Contributors: “...Division of Environmental Biology...”
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10by Soltis, Douglas E., Tago‐Nakazawa, Miyuki, Xiang, Qiu‐Yun, Kawano, Shoichi, Murata, Jin, Wakabayashi, Michio, Hibsch‐Jetter, CarolaContributors: “...Division of Environmental Biology...”
Published in American Journal of Botany (2001)
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11by Nichols, Jonathan, Peteet, Dorothy, Andreev, Andrei, Stute, Fabian, Ogus, TiaraContributors: “...Division of Environmental Biology...”
Published in Frontiers in Earth Science (2019)
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12by Ong, Joyce J. L., Walter, Jonathan A., Jensen, Olaf P., Pinsky, Malin L.Contributors: “...Division of Environmental Biology...”
Published in Ecological Applications (2021)
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13by Klobucar, Stephen L., Rick, Jessica A., Mandeville, Elizabeth G., Wagner, Catherine E., Budy, PhaedraContributors: “...Division of Environmental Biology...”
Published in Ecology and Evolution (2021)
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14Contributors: “...Division of Environmental Biology...”
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15by Nelson, Daniel, Benstead, Jonathan P., Huryn, Alexander D., Cross, Wyatt F., Hood, James M., Johnson, Philip W., Junker, James R., Gíslason, Gísli M., Ólafsson, Jón S.Contributors: “...Division of Environmental Biology...”
Published in Ecology (2020)
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16by Lan, Tianying, Gill, Stephanie, Bellemain, Eva, Bischof, Richard, Nawaz, Muhammad Ali, Lindqvist, CharlotteContributors: “...Division of Environmental Biology...”
Published in Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences (2017)
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17by McCormick, Amanda R., Phillips, Joseph S., Ives, Anthony R.Contributors: “...Division of Environmental Biology...”
Published in Freshwater Biology (2019)
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18by Malesis, Anna N., Windell, Rebecca M., Vanbianchi, Carmen M., Prugh, Laura R.Contributors: “...Division of Environmental Biology...”
Published in Canadian Journal of Zoology (2024)
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19by Oakley, Christopher G., Lundemo, Sverre, Ågren, Jon, Schemske, Douglas W.Contributors: “...Division of Environmental Biology...”
Published in Journal of Evolutionary Biology (2019)
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20by Uriarte, María, Tang, Chengliang, Morton, Douglas C., Zimmerman, Jess K., Zheng, TianContributors: “...Division of Environmental Biology...”
Published in Ecology and Evolution (2023)
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