Beijing
![Tianning Pagoda](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7b/Tianning_Temple_Pagoda.jpg)
Peiping (1368–1403;
1928–1937; 1945–1949) | w = Pei3-ching1 | mi = | bpmf = ㄅㄟˇ ㄐㄧㄥ | gr = Beeijing | j = bak1 ging1 | y = Bākgīng | ci = | suz = Poh-cin | poj = Pak-kiaⁿ | tl = Pak-kiann | buc = Báe̤k-gĭng | h = Bet5-gin1 | showflag = p | t = | s = | altname = | tp = Běijing }}
Beijing, , ; }} previously romanized as Peking, ( ),}} is the capital of China. With more than 22 million residents, it is the world's most populous national capital city as well as China's second largest city after Shanghai. It is located in Northern China, and is governed as a municipality under the direct administration of the State Council with 16 urban, suburban, and rural districts. Beijing is mostly surrounded by Hebei Province with the exception of neighboring Tianjin to the southeast; together, the three divisions form the Jingjinji megalopolis and the national capital region of China.
Beijing is a global city and one of the world's leading centres for culture, diplomacy, politics, finance, business and economics, education, research, language, tourism, media, sport, science and technology and transportation and art. It is home to the headquarters of most of China's largest state-owned companies and houses the largest number of Fortune Global 500 companies in the world, as well as the world's four biggest financial institutions by total assets. It is also a major hub for the national highway, expressway, railway, and high-speed rail networks. For a decade before the COVID-19 pandemic, the Beijing Capital International Airport was Asia's busiest airport (2009–2019) and the second busiest airport in the world (2010–2019). In 2020, the Beijing subway was the fourth busiest and second longest in the world. The Beijing Daxing International Airport, Beijing's second international airport, is the largest single-structure airport terminal in the world. The city has hosted numerous international and national sporting events, the most notable being the 2008 Summer Olympics and 2008 Summer Paralympics Games. In 2022, Beijing became the first city ever to host both the Summer and Winter Olympics, and also the Summer and Winter Paralympics.
Beijing combines both modern and traditional style architectures, with one side of the city being modernized and renovated to fit the times, and the other half still offering traditional hutong districts. Beijing is one of the oldest cities in the world, with a rich history dating back over three millennia. As the last of the Four Great Ancient Capitals of China, Beijing has been the political center of the country for most of the past eight centuries, and was the largest city in the world by population for much of the second millennium CE. With mountains surrounding the inland city on three sides, in addition to the old inner and outer city walls, Beijing was strategically poised and developed to be the residence of the emperor and thus was the perfect location for the imperial capital. The city is renowned for its opulent palaces, temples, parks, gardens, tombs, walls and gates. Beijing is one of the most important tourist destinations of the world. In 2018, Beijing was the second highest earning tourist city in the world after Shanghai. Beijing is home to many national monuments and museums and has eight UNESCO World Heritage Sites—the Forbidden City, Temple of Heaven, Summer Palace, Ming Tombs, Zhoukoudian Peking Man Site, Beijing Central Axis and parts of the Great Wall and the Grand Canal—all of which are popular tourist locations. Siheyuans, the city's traditional housing style, and hutongs, the narrow alleys between siheyuans, are major tourist attractions and are common in urban Beijing.
Beijing's public universities make up more than one-fifth of Double First-Class Construction universities, and many of them consistently rank among the best in the Asia-Pacific and the world. Beijing is home to universities including Tsinghua University and Peking University. Beijing CBD is a center for Beijing's economic expansion, with the ongoing or recently completed construction of multiple skyscrapers. Beijing's Zhongguancun area is a world leading center of scientific and technological innovation as well as entrepreneurship. Beijing has been ranked the city with the largest scientific research output by the Nature Index since the list's inception in 2016. Beijing hosts 175 foreign embassies as well as the headquarters of many organizations, including the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), the Silk Road Fund, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Engineering, the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, the Central Academy of Fine Arts, the Central Academy of Drama, the Central Conservatory of Music, and the Red Cross Society of China. Provided by Wikipedia
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2by Mao, Like; College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, CN-100083 Beijing, PR China, Xu, Duoxia; College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, CN-100083 Beijing, PR China, Yang, Jia; College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, CN-100083 Beijing, PR China, Yuan, Fang; College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, CN-100083 Beijing, PR China, Gao, Yanxiang; College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, CN-100083 Beijing, PR China; gyxcau@126.com, Zhao, Jian; School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, AustraliaGet access
Published 2009
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3by Wang LB, Liu BH, Xu J, Wang, LB (reprint author), Beihang Univ, Dept Automot Engn, Sch Transportat Sci & Engn, Beijing 100191, Peoples R China., Wang, LB (reprint author), Beihang Univ, AVRC, Beijing 100191, Peoples R China.Get access
Published in Volume 9: Prof. Norman Jones Honoring Symposium on Impact Engineering; Prof. Yukio Ueda Honoring Symposium on Idealized Nonlinear Mechanics for Welding and Strength of Structures (2016)
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4by 柳春图, 段梦兰, Liu, CT (reprint author), ACAD SINICA,INST MECH,BEIJING 100080,PEOPLES R CHINA.Get access
Published in Engineering Fracture Mechanics (1996)
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5by Wen, Lu, Dong, Shi Kui, Li, Yuan Yuan, Sherman, Ruth, Shi, Jian Jun, Liu, De Mei, Wang, Yan Long, Ma, Yu Shou, Zhu, Lei, Dong, SK (reprint author), Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Lab Water Environm Simulat, Environm Sch, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.Get access
Published 2013
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7by Ding, Xuan, Wang, Rujian, Zhang, Haifeng, Tao, Zhencheng, Ding, X (reprint author), China Univ Geosci, Sch Marine Sci, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.Get access
Published in Chinese Science Bulletin (2014)
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10by 张旭辉, 鲁晓兵, 李清平, Zhang, XH (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mech, Lab Hydrodynam & Ocean Engn, Beijing 100190, Peoples R ChinaGet access
Published in Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering (2011)
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15by Ding, Jinzhi, Wang, Tao Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing . Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research and CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences; Lanzhou Univ., Piao, Shilong Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing . Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research and CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences; Peking Univ., Beijing . Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science; Univ. of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Smith, Pete Univ. of Aberdeen, Aberdeen . Inst. of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhang, Ganlin Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, Yan, Zhengjie Lanzhou Univ., Ren, Shuai Peking Univ. Shenzhen . Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Circular Economy, Liu, Dan Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing . Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Wang, Shiping Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing . Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chen, Shengyun Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu . State Key Laboratory of Cryosphere Science Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Dai, Fuqiang Chongqing Technology and Business Univ., Chongqing, He, Jinsheng Peking Univ., Beijing, Li, Yingnian Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai . Key Lab. of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Inst. of Plateau Biology, Liu, Yongwen Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing . Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research and CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Mao, Jiafu Oak Ridge National Lab. , Oak Ridge, TN, Arain, Altaf McMaster Univ., Hamilton, ON . McMaster Centre for Climate Change, Tian, Hanqin Auburn Univ., Auburn, AL . International Center for Climate and Global Change Research, Shi, Xiaoying Oak Ridge National Lab. , Oak Ridge, TN, Yang, Yuanhe Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing . State Key Lab. of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Inst. of Botany, Zeng, Ning Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD, Zhao, Lin Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou . Cryosphere Research Station on Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, State Key Lab. of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Inst. of Eco–Environment and ResourcesGet access
Published in Nature Communications (2023)
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17by 张建红, Zhang LM, 鲁晓兵, Zhang, JH (reprint author), Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Hydraul Engn, State Key Lab Hydrosci & Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.Get access
Published in Ocean Engineering (2007)
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18by Zhang, WT (Zhang, Wentao), Sun, BC (Sun, Baochen), Du, YL (Du, Yanliang), Liu, YL (Liu, Yuliang), Zhang, WT, Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Semicond, Beijing 10083, Peoples R China.Get access
Published 2005
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19by Lu XB(鲁晓兵), Zhang XH(张旭辉), Wang SY(王淑云), Lu, XB (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mech, Beijing 100864, Peoples R China.Get access
Published 2011
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20by Yuan ZL, Xu ZY, Zheng BZ, Luo CP, Xu JZ, Ge WK, Zhang PH, Yang XP, Yuan ZL CHINESE ACAD SCIINST SEMICONDNLSMPOB 912BEIJING 100083PEOPLES R CHINA.Get access
Published 1996
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