BIOS
![A pair of [[Advanced Micro Devices|AMD]] BIOS chips for a [[Dell]] 310 computer from the 1980s. The bottom one shows the distinct window of an [[EPROM]] chip.](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/15/Pair_of_BIOS_chips.jpg)
The BIOS in older PCs initializes and tests the system hardware components (power-on self-test or POST for short), and loads a boot loader from a mass storage device which then initializes a kernel. In the era of DOS, the BIOS provided BIOS interrupt calls for the keyboard, display, storage, and other input/output (I/O) devices that standardized an interface to application programs and the operating system. More recent operating systems do not use the BIOS interrupt calls after startup.
Most BIOS implementations are specifically designed to work with a particular computer or motherboard model, by interfacing with various devices especially system chipset. Originally, BIOS firmware was stored in a ROM chip on the PC motherboard. In later computer systems, the BIOS contents are stored on flash memory so it can be rewritten without removing the chip from the motherboard. This allows easy, end-user updates to the BIOS firmware so new features can be added or bugs can be fixed, but it also creates a possibility for the computer to become infected with BIOS rootkits. Furthermore, a BIOS upgrade that fails could brick the motherboard.
The last version of Microsoft Windows to officially support running on PCs which use legacy BIOS firmware is Windows 10 as Windows 11 requires a UEFI-compliant system (except for IoT Enterprise editions of Windows 11 since version 24H2).
Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) is a successor to the legacy PC BIOS, aiming to address its technical limitations. Since 2020, all PCs for Intel platforms no longer support Legacy BIOS. Provided by Wikipedia
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5by Wilmotte, Annick, Pessi, Igor Stelmach, Velazquez, David, durieu, Benoit, Lara, Yannick, Laughinghouse, Haywood DailContributors: “...InBios-Centre for Protein Engineering...”
Published 2021
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6by Wilmotte, Annick, Savaglia, Valentina, Durieu, Benoit, Tytgat, Bjorn, Lambrechts, Sam, Willems, Anne, Van De Putte, Anton, Van Hellemont, Quinten, Van De Vijver, Bart, Verleyen, Elie, Vyverman, WimContributors: “...InBios - Integrative Biological Sciences - ULiège...”
Published 2022
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7by Savaglia, Valentina, Lambrechts, Sam, Tytgat, Bjorn, Vanhellemont, Quinten, Elster, Josef, Willems, Anne, Wilmotte, Annick, Verleyen, Elie, Vyverman, WimContributors: “...InBios - Integrative Biological Sciences - ULiège BE...”
Published in Frontiers in Microbiology (2024)
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9by Lee, Jasmine R, Terauds, Aleks, Carwardine, Josie, Shaw, Justine D, Fuller, Richard A, Possingham, Hugh P, Chown, Steven L, Convey, Peter, Gilbert, Neil, Hughes, Kevin A, McIvor, Ewan, Robinson, Sharon A, Ropert-Coudert, Yan, Bergstrom, Dana M, Biersma, Elisabeth M, Christian, Claire, Cowan, Don A, Frenot, Yves, Jenouvrier, Stéphanie, Kelley, Lisa, Lee, Michael J, Lynch, Heather J, Njåstad, Birgit, Quesada, Antonio, Roura, Ricardo M, Shaw, E Ashley, Stanwell-Smith, Damon, Tsujimoto, Megumu, Wall, Diana H, Wilmotte, Annick, Chadès, IadineContributors: “...InBios - Integrative Biological Sciences - ULiège...”
Published in PLOS Biology (2022)
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10by Savaglia, Valentina, Durieu, Benoit, Roncero Ramos, Beatriz, Lambrechts, Sam, Tytgat, Bjorn, Van Hellemont, Quinten, Elster, Josef, Verleyen, Elie, Willems, Anne, Vyverman, Wim, Wilmotte, AnnickContributors: “...InBios - Integrative Biological Sciences - ULiège BE...”
Published 2023
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11by Pessi, Igor S, Popin, Rafael V, Durieu, Benoit, Lara, Yannick, Tytgat, Bjorn, Savaglia, Valentina, Roncero-Ramos, Beatriz, Hultman, Jenni, Verleyen, Elie, Vyverman, Wim, Wilmotte, AnnickContributors: “...InBios - Integrative Biological Sciences - ULiège...”
Published in Microbial Genomics (2023)
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14by Christodoulou, Maria, Vaz, Marcelo, Beets, Kim, Savora, Haifaa, Cornet, Luc, Wilmotte, AnnickContributors: “...InBios - Integrative Biological Sciences - ULiège BE...”
Published 2023
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15by Savaglia, Valentina, Tytgat Bjorn, Lambrechts Sam, Vanhellemont Quinten, Willems Anne, Wilmotte, Annick, Verleyen Elie, Vyverman WimContributors: “...InBios - Integrative Biological Sciences - ULiège...”
Published 2022
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16by Vaz, Marcelo, Savaglia, Valentina, Ahn Anne-Catherine, Beets Kim, Simons Véronique, Silva-Stenico Maria Estrella, Fiore Marli, Wilmotte, AnnickContributors: “...InBios - Integrative Biological Sciences - ULiège...”
Published 2022
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17by Savaglia, Valentina, Tytgat Bjorn, Durieu, Benoit, Lambrechts Sam, Willems Anne, Van De Putte Anton, Vanhellemont Quinten, Van De Vyver Bart, Verleyen Elie, Vyverman Wim, Wilmotte, AnnickContributors: “...InBios - Integrative Biological Sciences - ULiège...”
Published 2022
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18by Vaz, Marcelo, Savaglia, Valentina, Beets, Kim, Ahn, Anne-Catherine, Simons Véronique, Stenico, Maria-Estrella, Fiore Marli, Wilmotte, AnnickContributors: “...InBios - Integrative Biological Sciences - ULiège...”
Published 2022
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19by Tytgat, Bjorn, Verleyen, Elie, Sweetlove, Maxime, Van Den Berge, Koen, Pinseel, Eveline, Hodgson, Dominic, Chown, Steven, Sabbe, Koen, Wilmotte, Annick, Willems, Anne, Vyverman, WimContributors: “...InBios - Integrative Biological Sciences - ULiège BE...”
Published in Science Advances (2023)
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