Postdoctoral researcher
| thumb = right | label1 = Life sciences | value1 = 65 | color1 = Green | label2 = Physical sciences | value2 = 13 | color2 = Purple | label3 = Engineering | value3 = 11 | color3 = Blue | label4 = Math and computer sciences | value4 = 3 | color4 = White | label5 = Geosciences | value5 = 3 | color5 = Orange | label6 = Psychology, social sciences and others | value6 = 5 | color6 = Red }}A postdoctoral fellow, postdoctoral researcher, or simply postdoc, is a person professionally conducting research after the completion of their doctoral studies (typically a PhD). Postdocs most commonly, but not always, have a temporary academic appointment, sometimes in preparation for an academic faculty position. According to data from the US National Science Foundation, the number of holders of PhD in biological sciences who end up in tenure track has consistently dropped from over 50% in 1973 to less than 20% in 2006. They continue their studies or carry out research and further increase expertise in a specialist subject, including integrating a team and acquiring novel skills and research methods. Postdoctoral research is often considered essential while advancing the scholarly mission of the host institution; it is expected to produce relevant publications in peer-reviewed academic journals or conferences. In some countries, postdoctoral research may lead to further formal qualifications or certification, while in other countries, it does not.
Postdoctoral research may be funded through an appointment with a salary or an appointment with a stipend or sponsorship award. Appointments for such a research position may be called postdoctoral research fellow, postdoctoral research associate, or postdoctoral research assistant. Postdoctoral researchers typically work under the supervision of a principal investigator. In many English-speaking countries, postdoctoral researchers are colloquially referred to as "postdocs". Provided by Wikipedia
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461Contributors: “...National Science Foundation Division of Ocean Sciences Postdoctoral Fellowship 1521508...”
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462Contributors: “...National Science Foundation Division of Ocean Sciences Postdoctoral Fellowship 1521508...”
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463Contributors: “...National Science Foundation Division of Ocean Sciences Postdoctoral Fellowship 1521508...”
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464Contributors: “...National Science Foundation Division of Ocean Sciences Postdoctoral Fellowship 1521508...”
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465Contributors: “...National Science Foundation Division of Ocean Sciences Postdoctoral Fellowship 1521508...”
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466Contributors: “...National Science Foundation Division of Ocean Sciences Postdoctoral Fellowship 1521508...”
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467Contributors: “...National Science Foundation Division of Ocean Sciences Postdoctoral Fellowship 1521508...”
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468Contributors: “...National Science Foundation Division of Ocean Sciences Postdoctoral Fellowship 1521508...”
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469Contributors: “...National Science Foundation Division of Ocean Sciences Postdoctoral Fellowship 1521508...”
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470Contributors: “...National Science Foundation Division of Ocean Sciences Postdoctoral Fellowship 1521508...”
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471Contributors: “...National Science Foundation Division of Ocean Sciences Postdoctoral Fellowship 1521508...”
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472Contributors: “...National Science Foundation Division of Ocean Sciences Postdoctoral Fellowship 1521508...”
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473Contributors: “...National Science Foundation Division of Ocean Sciences Postdoctoral Fellowship 1521508...”
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474Contributors: “...National Science Foundation Division of Ocean Sciences Postdoctoral Fellowship 1521508...”
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475by Haywood, Alan M., Tindall, Julia C., Dowsett, Harry J., Dolan, Aisling M., Foley, Kevin M., Hunter, Stephen J., Hill, Daniel J., Chan, Wing Le, Abe-Ouchi, Ayako, Stepanek, Christian, Lohmann, Gerrit, Chandan, Deepak, Richard Peltier, W., Tan, Ning, Contoux, Camille, Ramstein, Gilles, Li, Xiangyu, Zhang, Zhongshi, Guo, Chuncheng, Nisancioglu, Kerim H., Zhang, Qiong, Li, Qiang, Kamae, Youichi, Chandler, Mark A., Sohl, Linda E., Otto-Bliesner, Bette L., Feng, Ran, Brady, Esther C., von Der Heydt, Anna S., Baatsen, Michiel L.J., Lunt, Daniel J.Contributors: “... Postdoctoral Science Foundation: 2015M581154 Netherlands Earth System Science Centre, NESSC European Research...”
Published in Climate of the Past (2020)
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476by Haywood, Alan M., Tindall, Julia C., Dowsett, Harry J., Dolan, Aisling M., Foley, Kevin M., Hunter, Stephen J., Hill, Daniel J., Chan, Wing Le, Abe-Ouchi, Ayako, Stepanek, Christian, Lohmann, Gerrit, Chandan, Deepak, Richard Peltier, W., Tan, Ning, Contoux, Camille, Ramstein, Gilles, Li, Xiangyu, Zhang, Zhongshi, Guo, Chuncheng, Nisancioglu, Kerim H., Zhang, Qiong, Li, Qiang, Kamae, Youichi, Chandler, Mark A., Sohl, Linda E., Otto-Bliesner, Bette L., Feng, Ran, Brady, Esther C., Von Der Heydt, Anna S., Baatsen, Michiel L.J., Lunt, Daniel J.Contributors: “... Postdoctoral Science Foundation: 2015M581154 Netherlands Earth System Science Centre, NESSC European Research...”
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477by Haywood, Alan M., Tindall, Julia C., Dowsett, Harry J., Dolan, Aisling M., Foley, Kevin M., Hunter, Stephen J., Hill, Daniel J., Chan, Wing Le, Abe-Ouchi, Ayako, Stepanek, Christian, Lohmann, Gerrit, Chandan, Deepak, Richard Peltier, W., Tan, Ning, Contoux, Camille, Ramstein, Gilles, Li, Xiangyu, Zhang, Zhongshi, Guo, Chuncheng, Nisancioglu, Kerim H., Zhang, Qiong, Li, Qiang, Kamae, Youichi, Chandler, Mark A., Sohl, Linda E., Otto-Bliesner, Bette L., Feng, Ran, Brady, Esther C., von Der Heydt, Anna S., Baatsen, Michiel L.J., Lunt, Daniel J.Contributors: “... Postdoctoral Science Foundation: 2015M581154 Netherlands Earth System Science Centre, NESSC European Research...”
Published in Climate of the Past (2020)
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478by Haywood, Alan M., Tindall, Julia C., Dowsett, Harry J., Dolan, Aisling M., Foley, Kevin M., Hunter, Stephen J., Hill, Daniel J., Chan, Wing Le, Abe-Ouchi, Ayako, Stepanek, Christian, Lohmann, Gerrit, Chandan, Deepak, Richard Peltier, W., Tan, Ning, Contoux, Camille, Ramstein, Gilles, Li, Xiangyu, Zhang, Zhongshi, Guo, Chuncheng, Nisancioglu, Kerim H., Zhang, Qiong, Li, Qiang, Kamae, Youichi, Chandler, Mark A., Sohl, Linda E., Otto-Bliesner, Bette L., Feng, Ran, Brady, Esther C., von Der Heydt, Anna S., Baatsen, Michiel L.J., Lunt, Daniel J.Contributors: “... Postdoctoral Science Foundation: 2015M581154 Netherlands Earth System Science Centre, NESSC European Research...”
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479by Haywood, Alan M., Tindall, Julia C., Dowsett, Harry J., Dolan, Aisling M., Foley, Kevin M., Hunter, Stephen J., Hill, Daniel J., Chan, Wing Le, Abe-Ouchi, Ayako, Stepanek, Christian, Lohmann, Gerrit, Chandan, Deepak, Richard Peltier, W., Tan, Ning, Contoux, Camille, Ramstein, Gilles, Li, Xiangyu, Zhang, Zhongshi, Guo, Chuncheng, Nisancioglu, Kerim H., Zhang, Qiong, Li, Qiang, Kamae, Youichi, Chandler, Mark A., Sohl, Linda E., Otto-Bliesner, Bette L., Feng, Ran, Brady, Esther C., von Der Heydt, Anna S., Baatsen, Michiel L.J., Lunt, Daniel J.Contributors: “... Postdoctoral Science Foundation: 2015M581154 Netherlands Earth System Science Centre, NESSC European Research...”
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480by Haywood, Alan M., Tindall, Julia C., Dowsett, Harry J., Dolan, Aisling M., Foley, Kevin M., Hunter, Stephen J., Hill, Daniel J., Chan, Wing Le, Abe-Ouchi, Ayako, Stepanek, Christian, Lohmann, Gerrit, Chandan, Deepak, Richard Peltier, W., Tan, Ning, Contoux, Camille, Ramstein, Gilles, Li, Xiangyu, Zhang, Zhongshi, Guo, Chuncheng, Nisancioglu, Kerim H., Zhang, Qiong, Li, Qiang, Kamae, Youichi, Chandler, Mark A., Sohl, Linda E., Otto-Bliesner, Bette L., Feng, Ran, Brady, Esther C., von Der Heydt, Anna S., Baatsen, Michiel L.J., Lunt, Daniel J.Contributors: “... Postdoctoral Science Foundation: 2015M581154 Netherlands Earth System Science Centre, NESSC European Research...”
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