HTTP
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is an application layer protocol in the Internet protocol suite model for distributed, collaborative, hypermedia information systems. HTTP is the foundation of data communication for the World Wide Web, where hypertext documents include hyperlinks to other resources that the user can easily access, for example by a mouse click or by tapping the screen in a web browser.Development of HTTP was initiated by Tim Berners-Lee at CERN in 1989 and summarized in a simple document describing the behavior of a client and a server using the first HTTP version, named 0.9. That version was subsequently developed, eventually becoming the public 1.0.
Development of early HTTP Requests for Comments (RFCs) started a few years later in a coordinated effort by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), with work later moving to the IETF.
HTTP/1 was finalized and fully documented (as version 1.0) in 1996. It evolved (as version 1.1) in 1997 and then its specifications were updated in 1999, 2014, and 2022. Its secure variant named HTTPS is used by more than 85% of websites.
HTTP/2, published in 2015, provides a more efficient expression of HTTP's semantics "on the wire". it is supported by 66.2% of websites (35.3% HTTP/2 + 30.9% HTTP/3 with backwards compatibility) and supported by almost all web browsers (over 98% of users). It is also supported by major web servers over Transport Layer Security (TLS) using an Application-Layer Protocol Negotiation (ALPN) extension where TLS 1.2 or newer is required.
HTTP/3, the successor to HTTP/2, was published in 2022. it is now used on 30.9% of websites and is supported by most web browsers, i.e. (at least partially) supported by 97% of users. HTTP/3 uses QUIC instead of TCP for the underlying transport protocol. Like HTTP/2, it does not obsolesce previous major versions of the protocol. Support for HTTP/3 was added to Cloudflare and Google Chrome first, and is also enabled in Firefox. HTTP/3 has lower latency for real-world web pages, if enabled on the server, and loads faster than with HTTP/2, in some cases over three times faster than HTTP/1.1 (which is still commonly only enabled). Provided by Wikipedia
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41by Pownall, Thomas, 1722-1805. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n80038455 http://viaf.org/viaf/sourceID/LC|n80038455, Sayer, Robert, 1725-1794. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n80066964 http://viaf.org/viaf/sourceID/LC|n80066964, Kitchin, Thomas, 1718-1784. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n80036699 http://viaf.org/viaf/sourceID/LC|n80036699Get access
Published 1779
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46by Snowdon, L.R(http://viaf.org/viaf/244090245), P. R. Gunther(), T. G. Powell(), Φωσκολος Αντωνης(http://users.isc.tuc.gr/~afoskolos), Foskolos Antonis(http://users.isc.tuc.gr/~afoskolos)Get access
Published 2015
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48by Hey, Johannes van der. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/no2007046055 http://viaf.org/viaf/sourceID/LC|no2007046055, Baarsel, C. van (Cornelius) http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/nr2001007745 http://viaf.org/viaf/sourceID/LC|nr2001007745Get access
Published 1822
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49by Maury, Matthew Fontaine, 1806-1873. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n84801308 http://viaf.org/viaf/sourceID/LC|n84801308, Wyman, R. H. (Robert Harris), 1822-1882. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/no2006015106 http://viaf.org/viaf/sourceID/LC|no2006015106, Morris, Charles, 1784-1856. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n88674362 http://viaf.org/viaf/sourceID/LC|n88674362, W. Endicott & Co. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n50075430 http://viaf.org/viaf/sourceID/LC|n50075430Get access
Published 1853
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50by Helgi Jónsson, 1867-1925. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/nr96001199, Nielsen, Jane Christian, 1881-1918., Feilberg, Peter Berendt., Patursson, Gazet., Dahlstedt, Hugo, 1856- http://viaf.org/viaf/40160528, Branth, Jacob Severin Deichmann, 1831-1917., Rostrup, E. (Emil), 1831-1907 http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/nr2006013341 http://viaf.org/viaf/12293334, Østrup, Ernst Vilhelm, 1845-1917., Börgesen, Fredrik, 1866-, Jensen, Christian, 1857- http://viaf.org/viaf/35225381, Ostenfeld, C. H. (Carl Hansen), 1873-1931 http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/nr95044726 http://viaf.org/viaf/74779499, Warming, Eugenius, 1841-1924 http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n85189550 http://viaf.org/viaf/39438419, Carlsbergfondet (Copenhagen, Denmark) http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n82258338 http://viaf.org/viaf/193753949Get access
Published 1901
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51by United States. Bureau of Naval Personnel. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n79096702 http://viaf.org/viaf/sourceID/LC|n79096702, United States. Hydrographic Office. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n79140986 http://viaf.org/viaf/sourceID/LC|n79140986Get access
Published 1896
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52by Visscher, Nicolaes, 1618-1679. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n80024099 http://viaf.org/viaf/sourceID/LC|n80024099, Berchem, Nicolaas Pietersz, 1620-1683. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/nr88004876 http://viaf.org/viaf/sourceID/LC|nr88004876Get access
Published 1658
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53by Blaeu, Joan, 1596-1673. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n80069080 http://viaf.org/viaf/sourceID/LC|n80069080, Blaeu, Willem Janszoon, 1571-1638. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n80024098 http://viaf.org/viaf/sourceID/LC|n80024098Get access
Published 1667
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56by Anville, Jean Baptiste Bourguignon d', 1697-1782. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n80126318 http://viaf.org/viaf/sourceID/LC|n80126318, Haye, G. de la, engraver. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n50025002 http://viaf.org/viaf/sourceID/LC|n50025002, Major,Sieur, engraver., Dahl, James, former owner. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/no2016011635 http://viaf.org/viaf/sourceID/LC|no2016011635Get access
Published 1746
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57by Anville, Jean Baptiste Bourguignon d', 1697-1782. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n80126318 http://viaf.org/viaf/sourceID/LC|n80126318, Haye, G. de la, engraver. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n50025002 http://viaf.org/viaf/sourceID/LC|n50025002, Major,Sieur, engraver., Dahl, James, former owner. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/no2016011635 http://viaf.org/viaf/sourceID/LC|no2016011635Get access
Published 1746
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58by Gaedeke, Anne(), Krysanova, Valentina(http://viaf.org/viaf/3396037), Aryal Aashutosh(), Chang Jinfeng(), Γρυλλακης Εμμανουηλ(http://users.isc.tuc.gr/~EGrillakis), Gryllakis Emmanouil(http://users.isc.tuc.gr/~EGrillakis), Hanasaki Naota(), Κουτρουλης Αριστειδης(http://users.isc.tuc.gr/~akoutroulis), Koutroulis Aristeidis(http://users.isc.tuc.gr/~akoutroulis), Pokhrel Yadu(), Satoh Yusuke(), Schaphoff Sibyll(), Mueller Schmied Hannes(), Stacke Tobias(), Tang Qiuhong(), Wada Yoshihide(), Thonicke, Kirsten 1972-(http://viaf.org/viaf/1183153775041161550008)Get access
Published 2021
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59by Betts, Richard A.(), Alfieri Lorenzo(), Bradshaw Catherine D.C.(), Caesar John(), Feyen Luc(), Friedlingstein, Pierre(http://viaf.org/viaf/187619362), Gohar Laila K.(), Κουτρουλης Αριστειδης(http://users.isc.tuc.gr/~akoutroulis), Koutroulis Aristeidis(http://users.isc.tuc.gr/~akoutroulis), Lewis Kirsty H.(), Morfopoulos Catherine(), Παπαδημητριου Λαμπρινη(http://users.isc.tuc.gr/~lpapadimitriou), Papadimitriou Labrini(http://users.isc.tuc.gr/~lpapadimitriou), Richardson Katy J.(), Τσανης Ιωαννης(http://users.isc.tuc.gr/~gtsanis), Tsanis Ioannis(http://users.isc.tuc.gr/~gtsanis), Wyser Klaus()Get access
Published 2019
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