HTTP
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is an application layer protocol in the Internet protocol suite model for distributed, collaborative, hypermedia information systems. HTTP is the foundation of data communication for the World Wide Web, where hypertext documents include hyperlinks to other resources that the user can easily access, for example by a mouse click or by tapping the screen in a web browser.Development of HTTP was initiated by Tim Berners-Lee at CERN in 1989 and summarized in a simple document describing the behavior of a client and a server using the first HTTP version, named 0.9. That version was subsequently developed, eventually becoming the public 1.0.
Development of early HTTP Requests for Comments (RFCs) started a few years later in a coordinated effort by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), with work later moving to the IETF.
HTTP/1 was finalized and fully documented (as version 1.0) in 1996. It evolved (as version 1.1) in 1997 and then its specifications were updated in 1999, 2014, and 2022. Its secure variant named HTTPS is used by more than 85% of websites.
HTTP/2, published in 2015, provides a more efficient expression of HTTP's semantics "on the wire". it is supported by 66.2% of websites (35.3% HTTP/2 + 30.9% HTTP/3 with backwards compatibility) and supported by almost all web browsers (over 98% of users). It is also supported by major web servers over Transport Layer Security (TLS) using an Application-Layer Protocol Negotiation (ALPN) extension where TLS 1.2 or newer is required.
HTTP/3, the successor to HTTP/2, was published in 2022. it is now used on 30.9% of websites and is supported by most web browsers, i.e. (at least partially) supported by 97% of users. HTTP/3 uses QUIC instead of TCP for the underlying transport protocol. Like HTTP/2, it does not obsolesce previous major versions of the protocol. Support for HTTP/3 was added to Cloudflare and Google Chrome first, and is also enabled in Firefox. HTTP/3 has lower latency for real-world web pages, if enabled on the server, and loads faster than with HTTP/2, in some cases over three times faster than HTTP/1.1 (which is still commonly only enabled). Provided by Wikipedia
-
21
-
22
-
23by Johnston, J. (John), 1830-1897?, cartographer. http://viaf.org/viaf/104061421, Canada. Department of the Interior. issuing body. http://viaf.org/viaf/134110429 http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n82070371 http://viaf.org/viaf/sourceID/LC|n82070371Get access
Published 1881
Get access
Get access
Still Image -
24
-
25by Moll, Herman, -1732. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n50003735 http://viaf.org/viaf/sourceID/LC|n50003735, Bowles, Thomas, -1767. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n50042682 http://viaf.org/viaf/sourceID/LC|n50042682, Bowles, John, 1701-1779. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n50052208 http://viaf.org/viaf/sourceID/LC|n50052208Get access
Published 1715
Get access
Get access
Still Image -
26by Barentsz, Willem, approximately 1550-1597. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n50065898 http://viaf.org/viaf/sourceID/LC|n50065898, Duetecum, Baptista. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/nr96000904 http://viaf.org/viaf/sourceID/LC|nr96000904, Claesz, Cornelis, approximately 1546-1609. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/no98070056 http://viaf.org/viaf/sourceID/LC|no98070056Get access
Published 1598
Get access
Get access
Still Image -
27by Blaeu, Willem Janszoon, 1571-1638. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n80024098 http://viaf.org/viaf/sourceID/LC|n80024098, Blaeu, Joan, 1596-1673. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n80069080 http://viaf.org/viaf/sourceID/LC|n80069080, Blaeu, Cornelis, 1610-1648. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/no2012161738 http://viaf.org/viaf/sourceID/LC|no2012161738Get access
Published
Get access
Get access
Still Image -
28by Blaeu, Willem Janszoon, 1571-1638. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n80024098 http://viaf.org/viaf/sourceID/LC|n80024098, Blaeu, Joan, 1596-1673. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n80069080 http://viaf.org/viaf/sourceID/LC|n80069080, Blaeu, Cornelis, 1610-1648. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/no2012161738 http://viaf.org/viaf/sourceID/LC|no2012161738Get access
Published
Get access
Get access
Still Image -
29by Senex, John, -1740. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n50009787 http://viaf.org/viaf/sourceID/LC|n50009787, Harris, John, active 1680-1739 or 1740 engraver. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n81048254 http://viaf.org/viaf/sourceID/LC|n81048254, Dahl, James, former owner. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/no2016011635 http://viaf.org/viaf/sourceID/LC|no2016011635Get access
Published 1719
Get access
Get access
Still Image -
30by Jefferys, Thomas, -1771. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n80035865 http://viaf.org/viaf/sourceID/LC|n80035865, Cook, James, 1728-1779. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n78091496 http://viaf.org/viaf/sourceID/LC|n78091496, Robert Sayer and John Bennett (Firm) http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n80044823 http://viaf.org/viaf/sourceID/LC|n80044823Get access
Published 1775
Get access
Get access
Still Image -
31by Eaton, Daniel Isaac, -1814. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n50024432 http://viaf.org/viaf/sourceID/LC|n50024432, Low, A. P. (Albert Peter), 1861-1942. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/no00087109 http://viaf.org/viaf/sourceID/LC|no00087109, Geological Survey of Canada. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n79058470 http://viaf.org/viaf/sourceID/LC|n79058470Get access
Published 1896
Get access
Get access
Still Image -
32by Eaton, Daniel Isaac, -1814. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n50024432 http://viaf.org/viaf/sourceID/LC|n50024432, Low, A. P. (Albert Peter), 1861-1942. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/no00087109 http://viaf.org/viaf/sourceID/LC|no00087109, Geological Survey of Canada. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n79058470 http://viaf.org/viaf/sourceID/LC|n79058470Get access
Published 1896
Get access
Get access
Still Image -
33by Eaton, Daniel Isaac, -1814. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n50024432 http://viaf.org/viaf/sourceID/LC|n50024432, Low, A. P. (Albert Peter), 1861-1942. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/no00087109 http://viaf.org/viaf/sourceID/LC|no00087109, Geological Survey of Canada. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n79058470 http://viaf.org/viaf/sourceID/LC|n79058470Get access
Published 1896
Get access
Get access
Still Image -
34by Eaton, Daniel Isaac, -1814. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n50024432 http://viaf.org/viaf/sourceID/LC|n50024432, Low, A. P. (Albert Peter), 1861-1942. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/no00087109 http://viaf.org/viaf/sourceID/LC|no00087109, Geological Survey of Canada. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n79058470 http://viaf.org/viaf/sourceID/LC|n79058470Get access
Published 1896
Get access
Get access
Still Image -
35by Eaton, Daniel Isaac, -1814. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n50024432 http://viaf.org/viaf/sourceID/LC|n50024432, Low, A. P. (Albert Peter), 1861-1942. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/no00087109 http://viaf.org/viaf/sourceID/LC|no00087109, Geological Survey of Canada. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n79058470 http://viaf.org/viaf/sourceID/LC|n79058470Get access
Published 1896
Get access
Get access
Still Image -
36by Eaton, Daniel Isaac, -1814. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n50024432 http://viaf.org/viaf/sourceID/LC|n50024432, Low, A. P. (Albert Peter), 1861-1942. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/no00087109 http://viaf.org/viaf/sourceID/LC|no00087109, Geological Survey of Canada. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n79058470 http://viaf.org/viaf/sourceID/LC|n79058470Get access
Published 1896
Get access
Get access
Still Image -
37by Eaton, Daniel Isaac, -1814. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n50024432 http://viaf.org/viaf/sourceID/LC|n50024432, Low, A. P. (Albert Peter), 1861-1942. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/no00087109 http://viaf.org/viaf/sourceID/LC|no00087109, Geological Survey of Canada. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n79058470 http://viaf.org/viaf/sourceID/LC|n79058470Get access
Published 1896
Get access
Get access
Still Image -
38by Eaton, Daniel Isaac, -1814. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n50024432 http://viaf.org/viaf/sourceID/LC|n50024432, Low, A. P. (Albert Peter), 1861-1942. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/no00087109 http://viaf.org/viaf/sourceID/LC|no00087109, Geological Survey of Canada. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n79058470 http://viaf.org/viaf/sourceID/LC|n79058470Get access
Published 1896
Get access
Get access
Still Image -
39by Blaeu, Willem Janszoon, 1571-1638. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n80024098 http://viaf.org/viaf/sourceID/LC|n80024098, Blaeu, Joan, 1596-1673. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n80069080 http://viaf.org/viaf/sourceID/LC|n80069080, Blaeu, Cornelis, 1610-1648. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/no2012161738 http://viaf.org/viaf/sourceID/LC|no2012161738Get access
Published 1640
Get access
Get access
Still Image -
40by Pownall, Thomas, 1722-1805. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n80038455 http://viaf.org/viaf/sourceID/LC|n80038455, Sayer, Robert, 1725-1794. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n80066964 http://viaf.org/viaf/sourceID/LC|n80066964, Kitchin, Thomas, 1718-1784. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n80036699 http://viaf.org/viaf/sourceID/LC|n80036699Get access
Published 1779
Get access
Get access
Still Image