University
![Graduation ceremony](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b8/Oxfordceremony.jpg)
The first universities in Europe were established by Catholic monks. The University of Bologna (), Italy, which was founded in 1088, is the first university in the sense of: *being a high degree-awarding institute. *using the word (which was coined at its foundation). *having independence from the ecclesiastic schools and issuing secular as well as non-secular degrees (with teaching conducted by both clergy and non-clergy): grammar, rhetoric, logic, theology, canon law, notarial law. Provided by Wikipedia
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141by Horta-Lacueva, Quentin Jean-Baptiste (University of Iceland / Lund University), Kapralova, Kalina Hristova (University of Iceland), Hallgrímsson, Benedikt (University of Calgary), Jónsson, Zophonías Oddur (University of Iceland), Thorholludottir, Dagny A. V. (University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna / University of Iceland)Get access
Published in Communications Biology (2023)
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142by Wirta, H. (University of Helsinki), Várkonyi, G. (Finnish Environment Institute), Rasmussen, C. (Aarhus University), Kaartinen, R. (Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences), Schmidt, N. M. (Aarhus University), Hebert, P. D. N. (University of Guelph), Barták, M. (Czech University of Life Sciences Prague), Blagoev, G. (University of Guelph), Disney, H. (University of Cambridge), Ertl, S. (University of Vienna), Gjelstrup, P. (Aarhus University), Gwiazdowicz, D. J. (University of Life Sciences), Huldén, L. (University of Helsinki), Ilmonen, J. (University of Vienna), Jakovlev, J. (Finnish Environment Institute), Jaschhof, M. (Station Linné; Ölands Skogsby 161 38693 Färjestaden Sweden), Kahanpää, J. (University of Helsinki), Kankaanpää, T. (University of Helsinki), Krogh, P. H. (Aarhus University), Labbee, R. (University of Guelph), Lettner, C. (University of Vienna), Michelsen, V. (University of Copenhagen), Nielsen, S. A. (Roskilde University), Nielsen, T. R. (University of Helsinki), Paasivirta, L. (University of Helsinki), Pedersen, S. (University of Guelph), Pohjoismäki, J. (University of Eastern Finland), Salmela, J. (Metsähallitus (Finland)), Vilkamaa, P. (University of Helsinki), Väre, H. (University of Helsinki), von Tschirnhaus, M. (Bielefeld University), Roslin, T. (University of Helsinki)Get access
Published 2020
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143by Wirta, H.,University of Helsinki, Várkonyi, G.,Finnish Environment Institute, Rasmussen, C.,Aarhus University, Kaartinen, R.,Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Schmidt, N. M.,Aarhus University, Hebert, P. D. N.,University of Guelph, Barták, M.,Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Blagoev, G.,University of Guelph, Disney, H.,University of Cambridge, Ertl, S.,University of Vienna, Gjelstrup, P.,Aarhus University, Gwiazdowicz, D. J.,University of Life Sciences, Huldén, L.,University of Helsinki, Ilmonen, J.,University of Vienna, Jakovlev, J.,Finnish Environment Institute, Jaschhof, M.,Station Linné; Ölands Skogsby 161 38693 Färjestaden Sweden*, Kahanpää, J.,University of Helsinki, Kankaanpää, T.,University of Helsinki, Krogh, P. H.,Aarhus University, Labbee, R.,University of Guelph, Lettner, C.,University of Vienna, Michelsen, V.,University of Copenhagen, Nielsen, S. A.,Roskilde University, Nielsen, T. R.,University of Helsinki, Paasivirta, L.,University of Helsinki, Pedersen, S.,University of Guelph, Pohjoismäki, J.,University of Eastern Finland, Salmela, J.,Metsähallitus (Finland), Vilkamaa, P.,University of Helsinki, Väre, H.,University of Helsinki, von Tschirnhaus, M.,Bielefeld University, Roslin, T.,University of HelsinkiGet access
Published 2021
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146by Lehoczki, Fanni (Eötvös Loránd University), Faragó, Tamás (Eötvös Loránd University), Andics, Attila (Eötvös Loránd University), Kershenbaum, Arik (University of Cambridge), Townsend, Simon W (University of Warwick / University of Zurich), Watson, Stuart K (University of Zurich), Schmidt, Lori (International Wolf Center), Sánchez, Vicente Palacios (People and Nature), Range, Friederike (University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna), Root-Gutteridge, Holly (University of Lincoln / University of Sussex), Passilongo, Daniela (University of Sassari), Kubinyi, Enikő (Eötvös Loránd University)Get access
Published in Communications Biology (2023)
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150by The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University LibrariesGet access
Published 2019
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154by I. Smagina, Tyumen State University; University of WolverhamptonGet access
Published in BRICS Law Journal (2016)
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